【備戰(zhàn)2011年職稱英語考試】核心語法精講(1)
語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成的，要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)聚焦
(一)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念：
不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）。
(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：
be + 過去分詞，口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。
(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法：
(1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。
?、僦鲃?dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變)；(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
?、鄱陶Z動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。
?、莓?dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：(A)謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。(B)用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句來表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
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