過(guò)去完成時(shí)
　　
1） 概念：表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去
其構(gòu)成是had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前　 那時(shí)　現(xiàn)在
　　
2） 用法
a.　在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語(yǔ)從句
在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
　　
3)　過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left.