英語四級語法基礎(chǔ)知識——非謂語動詞(1)
英語四級語法基礎(chǔ)知識:
Ⅱ 非謂語動詞
不定式
形式:主動形式、被動形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
進(jìn)行式 to be doing
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing
完成式:不定式的一般形式所表示的動作,通常與主要謂語表示的動作(狀態(tài))同時(shí)(或幾乎同時(shí))發(fā)生,或是在它之后發(fā)生。假如不定式所表示的動作,在謂語所表示的動作(狀態(tài))之前發(fā)生,就要用不定式的完成式。
I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).
(比較: I am glad to see you.)
He is said to have written a new book about workers.
He pretended not to have seen me.
進(jìn)行式:如果主要謂語表示的動作(狀態(tài))發(fā)生時(shí),不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用不定式的進(jìn)行式。
You are not supposed to be working. You haven't quite recovered yet.
We didn't expect you to be waiting for us here.
He pretended to be listening attentively.
完成進(jìn)行式:在謂語所表示的時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動作,就要用不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。
The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.
We are happy to have been working with you.
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