現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和虛擬句的辨析
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
句型:have/has+過去分詞
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,但與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,即用一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作來說明現(xiàn)在的情況。
虛擬句
這次只探討對過去情況的虛擬句,其句型為would/could/should/might have done。
區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)里所發(fā)生的事情都是真實(shí)的,并且時(shí)間點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在。
而虛擬句指不能實(shí)現(xiàn)或純假想的情況,可以對過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)磉M(jìn)行假想。虛擬語氣的本質(zhì)就是對根本不可能的情況發(fā)生假設(shè)。
例句對比
(1)
I have caught the bus because you helped me. 因?yàn)槟愕膸椭亿s上了車。
If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus. 如果昨天沒有你的幫助,我不會(huì)趕上公交車。(事實(shí)是你昨天已經(jīng)幫助了我,所以我趕上了車)
(2)
We have done something. 我們做了些什么。
If we had realized that we would have done differently. 如果我們早意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)的話,我們的做法就會(huì)完全不同。(事實(shí)上沒及時(shí)意識(shí)到。)
(4)
He has been away from the city. 他已離開這個(gè)城市。
If he had known the news, he would have stayed here. 如果他知道了那個(gè)新聞,他便會(huì)留下來。(事實(shí)上他不知道那個(gè)新聞,沒留下來)
(5)
He hasn't finished his work. 他沒把工作做完。
If he had realized the importance of the work, he would have finished his work. 如果他意識(shí)到了這個(gè)工作的重要性,他就會(huì)把工作做完了。(事實(shí)上沒意識(shí)到,沒做完。)