【經(jīng)典名著閱讀】《紅字》第十三章(下)
作者:Nathaniel Hawthorne
2011-08-24 10:00
It is remarkable, that persons who speculate the most boldly often conform with the most perfect quietude to the external regulations of society. The thought suffices them, without investing itself in the flesh and blood of action. So it seemed to be with Hester. Yet, had little Pearl never come to her from the spiritual world, it might have been far otherwise. Then, she might have come down to us in history, hand in hand with Ann Hutchinson, as the foundress of a religious sect. She might, in one of her phases, have been a prophetess. She might, and not improbably would, have suffered death from the stern tribunals of the period, for attempting to undermine the foundations of the Puritan establishment. But, in the education of her child, the mother's enthusiasm of thought had something to wreak itself upon. Providence, in the person of this little girl, had assigned to Hester's charge the germ and blossom of womanhood, to be cherished and developed amid a host of difficulties. Everything was against her. The world was hostile. The child's own nature had something wrong in it, which continually betokened that she had been born amiss- the effluence of her mother's lawless passion- and often impelled Hester to ask, in bitterness of heart, whether it were for ill or good that the poor little creature had been born at all.
值得重視的是,那些具有最大膽的思想觀點的人,對于外界的清規(guī)戒律也最能泰然處之。他們滿足于思想觀點,并不想賦予其行動的血肉。海絲特的情況似乎就是這樣。不過,假若小珠兒未曾從精神世界來到她身邊的話,她的情況也許就會大不一樣了。那樣的話,她也許會同安妮·哈欽遜攜手并肩,作為一個教派的創(chuàng)始人,名標(biāo)青史。她也許會在自己的某一時期成為一名女先知。她也許會——并非不可能——因企圖顛覆清教制度的基礎(chǔ),而被當(dāng)時嚴(yán)厲的法官處以死刑。但她的思想熱情,因為她成了母親,得以在教育孩子之中宣泄出去。上天把這小女孩交付給海絲特,就是要她保護(hù)女性的幼芽和蓓蕾,在眾多的困難中加以撫育和培養(yǎng)。一切都與她作對。世界在以她為敵。孩子的本性中含有欠妥之處,不斷表明她降臨到這個世界上是個錯誤——是她母親無視法律的激情的發(fā)泄,而且時常迫使海絲特辛酸地捫心自問:這個可憐的小家伙降生到世上,究竟是禍還是福。
Indeed, the same dark question often rose into her mind, with reference to the whole race of womanhood. Was existence worth accepting, even to the happiest among them? As concerned her own individual existence, she had long ago decided in the negative, and dismissed the point as settled. A tendency to speculation, though it may keep woman quiet, as it does man, yet makes her sad. She discerns, it may be, such a hopeless task before her. As a first step, the whole system of society is to be torn down, and built up anew. Then, the very nature of the opposite sex, or its long hereditary habit, which has become like nature, is to be essentially modified, before woman can be allowed to assume what seems a fair and suitable position. Finally, all other difficulties being obviated, woman cannot take advantage of these preliminary reforms, until she herself shall have undergone a still mightier change; in which, perhaps, the ethereal essence, wherein she has her truest life, will be found to have evaporated. A woman never overcomes these problems by any exercise of thought. They are not to be solved, or only in one way. If her heart chance to come uppermost, they vanish. Thus, Hester Prynne, whose heart had lost its regular and healthy throb, wandered without a clew in the dark labyrinth of mind; now turned aside by an insurmountable precipice; now starting back from a deep chasm. There was wild and ghastly scenery all around her, and a home and comfort nowhere. At times, a fearful doubt strove to possess her soul, whether it were not better to send Pearl at once to heaven, and go herself to such futurity as Eternal Justice should provide.
事實上,她心中也時常升騰起涉及全人類女性的同樣陰郁的問題:即使對女性中最幸福的人來說,那人的生存有價值嗎?至于她自己本人的生存,她早已予以否定,并且作為已決之點不再重提。勤于思考,雖說可以對女人起到和對男人相同的作用——使人安靜下來,但卻使她感到傷感。也許她已經(jīng)看清了自己面臨的任務(wù)是無望的。首先,整個社會制度要徹底推翻并予以重建。其次,男人的本性,或者說由于世代沿襲的習(xí)慣面變得象是本性的東西,應(yīng)該從本質(zhì)上加以改變,然后婦女才可能取得似是公平合理的地位。最后,即使排除掉一切其它困難,婦女也必須先進(jìn)行一番自身的更有力的變化,才能享有這些初步改革的成果,然而到那時,,凝聚著她的女性的最真實的生命的精髓,或許巳然蒸發(fā)殆盡了。一個女人,無論如何運(yùn)用她的思維,也無法解決這些問題?;蛟S只有一條出路才能解決這些問題:如果她的精神能夠主宰一切,這些問題便會不復(fù)存在。然面,由于海絲特·白蘭的心臟已經(jīng)不再有規(guī)律而健康的搏動,她便只有茫無頭緒地徘徊在思考的幽暗迷宮之中:時而因無法攀越的峭壁而轉(zhuǎn)彎,時而因深陷的斷層而返回。她周圍是一道恐怖的野景,四處不見舒適的家園。不時有一種可怕的疑慮攫佐她的靈魂,不知是否該把珠兒馬上送上天庭,自己也走向“永恒的裁判”所斷定的來世,才更好些。