李克強2016達沃斯論壇致辭 語言點精析（上）
當前中國經濟發(fā)展的基本面沒有改變，宏觀政策也會保持連續(xù)性穩(wěn)定性。我們將繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新宏觀調控方式，加力增效實施積極的財政政策，靈活適度實施穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策，把資源更多引向有利于補短板、增后勁、上水平的領域，引向有利于促進轉型升級等新經濟的領域。現在，中國政府負債率40%左右，中央政府負債率16%左右，在世界主要經濟體中是比較低的，實施積極的財政政策有空間；居民儲蓄率高，發(fā)展多層次資本市場潛力大，完善金融調控手段、優(yōu)化金融資源配置有很大余地，可以創(chuàng)造條件，運用市場化、法治化方式逐步降低企業(yè)杠桿率和融資成本。我們不僅有足夠的政策工具保持經濟運行在合理區(qū)間，而且有充分的能力防范住系統(tǒng)性區(qū)域性風險。在調整轉型時期，中國經濟增長短期難免有波動起伏，但不會出現“硬著陸”，我們能夠實現全年經濟社會發(fā)展主要預期目標。
The fundamentals of the Chinese economy have remained unchanged, and our macro policies will maintain continuity and stability. In the meantime, we will continue to innovate means of macro control, implement the proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity and efficiency, and carry out the prudent monetary policy in a flexible and appropriate fashion. We will channel more resources into areas that help strengthen weak links, increase the momentum of development and take development to a higher level, as well as into areas of the new economy that serve to promote economic transformation and upgrading. The current debt ratio for the Chinese government is around 40 percent, and is only around 16 percent for the central government, lower than many other major economies. This has given us space for a proactive fiscal policy. A high savings rate in China means huge potential for the development of multi-tiered capital markets. It also means major leeway for improving financial regulation methods and financial resource allocation. We are in a position to create conditions to gradually lower corporate leverage ratio and financing costs in a market-based and law-based manner. We not only have sufficient policy tools to keep economic performance within the reasonable range. We also have strong ability to prevent systemic or regional risks. In the stage of transition, short-term fluctuations of economic growth are hardly avoidable, but the Chinese economy will not head for a “hard landing”. And we will be able to achieve the main economic and social development targets set for this year.
要點：
1，“加力增效” with greater intensity and efficiency,為了保持句式的靈活性，翻譯中的狀語可以譯為多種形式，比如本例中的with+名詞，也可譯為副詞或轉譯為形容詞，如“準確譯出…”=give an accurate translation of…
2，“靈活適度”依舊后置譯為in a flexible and appropriate fashion，in也是翻譯狀語的一把好手~
2,” 積極的財政政策”，”穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策”都是翻譯必背詞匯，這里不多說了，背吧騷年們~
3，channel在政經類文章的翻譯中也是很常見的“多用途詞“如
①”著力“= channel great effort into, take great pains to, concentrate one's efforts on
②調撥 (錢、資源) ： channel funds to the poor countries
③集中 (精力、情感) ： Most of his energy was channeled into writing.
④傳送：Women are likely to be channeled into jobs as teachers or nurses
此外作名詞時，它還可做“渠道，途徑“講，因此看到”將…引向“時，channel是個不錯的選擇哦
4，“居民儲蓄率高，發(fā)展多層次資本市場潛力大”可按“居民儲蓄率高，意味著潛力大”來翻譯，領導人講話中很多都是典型的中式表達，翻譯時要找清短句間的內在聯(lián)系
5，be in the position to do 意為“有能力能夠做某事”等于下文的have (strong) ability to和be able to，這些同義替換詞都是值得積累的，其反義表達為be in no position to do文學翻譯中常用~
綜述：本段經濟類術語很多，小編只是就翻譯表達和政經類常用詞進行分析，其他還是需要大家拿起筆記記記~
中國經濟發(fā)展?jié)摿Υ?、?yōu)勢足、空間廣，前景光明。我們有9億多勞動力，其中1.7億多受過高等教育或有專業(yè)技能，每年大學畢業(yè)生700多萬，中職畢業(yè)生500多萬?？萍既藛T數量世界第一，研發(fā)投入世界第二，去年投入的資金1萬多億元。中國是世界第二大經濟體、第一制造大國，還是貨物貿易和服務貿易大國、吸收外資和對外投資大國。中國也是世界第二大消費市場，中等收入群體數以億計并日益擴大，農村貧困人口逐年減少，城鎮(zhèn)常住人口每年增加上千萬。這是一個世界上最具增長潛力的新興大市場，也是各方人才能夠充分發(fā)揮智力潛能、投資興業(yè)的大舞臺。我們對中國經濟，不論是當前還是未來，都持樂觀態(tài)度。樂觀是充滿信心的表現，在市場經濟條件下，信心引導預期，本身就是巨大的力量。
Looking ahead, the Chinese economy has huge potential, strong advantage, broad space and bright prospect. China has a 900 million strong workforce, among whom 170 million have received higher education or training in professional skills. Every year we produce over seven million college graduates and over five million graduates from secondary vocational schools. We are No.1 in the world in terms of the number of science professionals and No.2 in R&D input, with an input of over RMB 1 trillion made last year. China is the second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing country, a major trading nation in goods and services, and a major destination and source of foreign investment. It is also the world’s second largest consumer market. Its middle-income population is in the hundreds of millions and is still expanding. The number of the rural poor is falling year by year, while that of permanent urban residents is growing by over 10 million each year. All these make China a major emerging market with the biggest growth potential. It makes China a big stage where people from every corner could tap into their intellectual potential and start their business. We are optimistic about the current state and future prospect of the Chinese economy. Optimism is a sign of confidence, and in market economy conditions, confidence guides people’s expectations. This in itself generates powerful strength.
要點：
1，“…潛力大、優(yōu)勢足、空間廣，前景光明”譯為…h(huán)as huge potential, strong advantage, broad space and bright prospect,是典型的主謂結構轉偏正結構的手法~
2，“其中”，用among/of +關系代詞，譯為從句，也是很常見的手法，如：
① 中國菜歷史悠久，流派眾多，主要代表有‘八大菜系’“=With a long history ,Chinese cuisine has a number of different generes, the main of which are “Eight Cusines”.
② 今年保障性安居工程新安排 740 萬套，其中棚戶區(qū)改造 580 萬套，增加 110 萬套，= This year, our plan includes building an additional 7.4 million units of government-subsidized housing, of which 5.8 million are to be located in rundown urban areas, an increase of 1.1 million over last year.
3，“中國是世界第二大經濟體、第一制造大國，還是貨物貿易和服務貿易大國、吸收外資和對外投資大國?！弊g為China is the second biggest economy, the largest manufacturing country, a major trading nation in goods and services, and a major destination and source of foreign investment.為了避免重復用詞，譯者將“貨物貿易和服務貿易大國”進行了合并翻譯，將“吸收外資和對外投資大國靈活譯為distination 和 source，這些都是以良好的詞匯功底為基礎的
4，“中等收入群體數以億計并日益擴大，農村貧困人口逐年減少，城鎮(zhèn)常住人口每年增加上千萬”和“這是一個世界上最具增長潛力的新興大市場，也是各方人才能夠充分發(fā)揮智力潛能、投資興業(yè)的大舞臺”具有隱含的因果關系~因此譯為It makes…,筆譯時譯為which makes…也可以
綜述：找關系找關系找關系，是應對中式表達的最基本法則
女士們、先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
中國經濟發(fā)展正處于新舊動能接續(xù)轉換、經濟轉型升級的關鍵時期。我們將堅持發(fā)展第一要務，堅持穩(wěn)中求進工作總基調，落實創(chuàng)新、協(xié)調、綠色、開放、共享的發(fā)展理念，實行宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、產業(yè)政策要準、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實、社會政策要托底的總體思路，在適度擴大總需求的同時，堅定不移推進供給側結構性改革，抓好去產能、去庫存、去杠桿、降成本、補短板，推動發(fā)展從過度依賴自然資源轉向更多依靠人力人才資源和創(chuàng)新驅動，使中國經濟保持中高速增長、邁向中高端水平。
The Chinese economy is at a crucial stage of transition from old to new growth drivers and a stage of economic transformation and upgrading. We will focus on development as the top priority and promote steady progress as we pursue innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development. We will ensure that the government’s macro policies are stable, industrial policies are well-targeted, micro policies are flexible, reform policies are solid and social policies meet people’s basic needs. While appropriately expanding aggregate demand, we will steadfastly advance supply-side structural reform, concentrate on cutting overcapacity, reducing inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs and strengthening weak links, so that China’s development could be less reliant on natural resources and be more driven by human resources and innovation. This will enable the Chinese economy to maintain medium-high growth rates and move to medium-high development levels.
要點：
1，“處于…時期”=at a (crucial) period/stage of
2, “堅持發(fā)展第一要務”即“堅持發(fā)展為第一要務”= focus on development as the top priority
這個已然成為一個固定表述了~
3，“實行宏觀政策要穩(wěn)、產業(yè)政策要準、微觀政策要活、改革政策要實、社會政策要托底的總體思路”這句乍看不好譯，其實他只透露了一個意思即“我們要做好以下工作,保證宏觀政策穩(wěn)定，產業(yè)政策準確，微觀政策靈活…”用ensure 來譯，即We will ensure that the government’s macro policies are stable, industrial policies are well-targeted, micro policies are flexible, reform policies are solid and social policies meet people’s basic needs.“托底”即“滿足人民最基本的需求”
4,“抓好”也是政經類出現的高頻詞，通常用concentrate/focus on來表示，如“狠抓落實”= focus on implementation
5，“推動發(fā)展從過度依賴自然資源轉向更多依靠人力人才資源和創(chuàng)新驅動，”譯為so that China’s development could be less reliant on natural resources and be more driven by human resources and innovation.此處并未將“推動“譯出，因為“推動”也是前面措施的結果，用一個so that足以~
綜述：注意ensure的用法，它政府工作報告中出現了幾十次，是高頻詞中的戰(zhàn)斗機~
我們將以創(chuàng)新引領經濟轉型升級。創(chuàng)新是發(fā)展的第一動力，是供給側結構性改革的重要內容。我們要深入實施創(chuàng)新驅動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，加快建設創(chuàng)新型國家和世界科技強國，為經濟轉型升級提供強大支撐。
We will guide economic transformation and upgrading through innovation. Innovation is the primary driver of development and an important part of supply-side structural reform. We need to further implement the innovation-driven development strategy, and step up efforts to build an innovation-driven country and a strong country in science and technology, so as to provide robust support for economic transformation and upgrading.
要點：
1，“供給側結構性改革“= supply-side structural reform
2，“深入實施“= further implement，注意further的用法,通常是和動詞連用~如”進一步/深入推進“=further promote
3，“加快建設創(chuàng)新型國家和世界科技強國，為經濟轉型升級提供強大支撐“后一句是前一句的目的，用so as to 連接~
加快發(fā)展新經濟、培育新動能。我們將大力推進科技創(chuàng)新，著力突破重大關鍵核心技術，推進創(chuàng)新成果轉化應用。著力推動大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，進一步推進“互聯(lián)網+”行動，廣泛運用物聯(lián)網、大數據、云計算等新一代信息技術，促進不同領域融合發(fā)展，催生更多的新產業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式，推出更加符合市場需要的新產品和新服務，打造眾創(chuàng)、眾包、眾扶、眾籌平臺，匯聚各方力量加速創(chuàng)新進程，培育新的經濟增長點。
We will accelerate the development of the new economy and cultivate new growth drivers. We will vigorously advance innovation in science and technology, work for breakthroughs in major, key technologies, and promote the commercialization of innovation results. We will also advocate mass entrepreneurship and innovation, further promote the “Internet+” strategy, extensively apply the new generation of information technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and cloud computing. We will promote integrated development of different sectors and facilitate the emergence of more new industries, new forms of business and new business models. It is also necessary to roll out new products and services that better meet the needs of the market and build platforms for mass innovation, crowd sourcing, collective support and crowd funding. This way, we could pool strengths to accelerate innovation and cultivate new areas of economic growth.
要點：
1,“加快“= accelerate/speed up
”培育“= cultivate/nurture
”大力推進“= vigorously advance(本段出現了三個”推進“,譯為advance /promote
”著力“=work for +名詞（通常用work to do）
2,催生=facilitate
推出=roll out
3,”匯集各方力量“=pool strengths to
綜述：本段主要是各種表達的積累，上述表達都是政經類的“?？汀?，其同義替換也應牢記
加快改造提升傳統(tǒng)動能。創(chuàng)新之新，不光是發(fā)展新經濟，也包括對傳統(tǒng)產業(yè)改造提升，使其不斷煥發(fā)新的生機和活力。我們將深入實施《中國制造2025》，推進制造業(yè)信息化、智能化改造，圍繞滿足消費者多樣化需求開展個性化定制、柔性化生產，加快生產、管理、營銷模式變革，重塑產業(yè)鏈、供應鏈、價值鏈，提高中國制造綜合競爭力。
We need to transform and upgrade traditional drivers of growth at a faster pace. Innovation is not only about developing the new economy. It is also about transforming and upgrading traditional industries to give them new vitality. We will implement the Made in China 2025 initiative to make manufacturing more IT-based and smarter. We will conduct custom-tailored and flexible production to meet consumers’ diverse needs. We will accelerate changes in models of production, management and marketing and create new industry chains, supply chains and value chains. This will make Chinese manufacturing more competitive.
要點：
1， “圍繞滿足消費者多樣化需求開展個性化定制、柔性化生產，“譯為We will conduct custom-tailored and flexible production to meet consumers’ diverse needs，其中custom-tailored意為”個性化的，量身定制的“，這類復合詞在文中也多次出現，
2， ”…化“譯為-based（本意為”以…為基礎的“）， 文中除了本段的IT-based（信息化）,還有market-based,(市場化)和 law-based，rule-based（法制化），此外政府工作報告中有時也用the law-based governance of the country，表示”依法治國“，同時翻譯”以…為載體的“也能用，如Internet-based(以互聯(lián)網為載體的)
