把握經(jīng)濟運行合理區(qū)間的上下限,抓住發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和結構性問題,定向施策,聚焦靶心,精準發(fā)力。
With a keen understanding of the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating, we adopted targeted steps to address the serious issues and structural problems hindering development.

英語一詞多義是普遍現(xiàn)象,漢語也是。漢語中有很多類似的詞,看著簡單,其實內(nèi)涵太多,不只是表面意思。比如這句的“把握”,惠宇《漢英大詞典》里就有4個解釋,多種譯法,比如:

把握時代精神:catch the spirit of the times
有把握地回答:answer with confidence
有把握完成任務:He is confident of completing the task
把握客觀規(guī)律:master the objective laws
把握經(jīng)濟增長的脈搏:keep fingers on the pulse of economic growth

漢英詞典是個好東西,值得買。不過如果不看也沒效果。

“經(jīng)濟運行合理區(qū)間的上下限”,這里的偏正結構,用的是which句型來譯: the appropriate range within which the economy needs to be operating,這種處理方式也比較好用。

“突出矛盾”,用的是 the serious issues,想想確實也是這個意思。順便又查了下矛盾的多種譯法:
矛盾的普遍性:universality of contradiction
避免矛盾: avoid conflicts
人民內(nèi)部矛盾:contradictions within the ranks of the people
緩解矛盾:alleviate the problem of
心情矛盾:be in two minds about something

"定向施策,聚焦靶心,精準發(fā)力",其實說得事情基本上是一樣的,所以譯文只用了一個 targeted steps,比較簡潔。

“發(fā)展中的突出矛盾和結構性問題”,用的是 hindering development 。偏正結構也是公文常見結構,of 式結構最簡單也最普通,其實有各種靈活譯法,后面還會遇到。

向促改革要動力,向調(diào)結構要助力,向惠民生要潛力,既擴大市場需求,又增加有效供給,努力做到結構調(diào)優(yōu)而不失速。
We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.

“向促改革要動力,向調(diào)結構要助力,向惠民生要潛力”,又一個排比,譯文則把“向”的重復變成了 to 結構的重復。斷句也是之前分析的,三句一斷。

“既”字用的是 both ,以后可以借用。

“速”, the growth rate,類似前面講的“激活力”(stimulated market activity),要結合語境尋找對應詞。

有效實施積極的財政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策。
We have been effectively implementing proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy.

這句比較常規(guī),平時多看新聞或者各類公文,適當記憶下各種常見說法,基本翻譯出來的句子都差不多。

實行定向減稅和普遍性降費,拓寬小微企業(yè)稅收優(yōu)惠政策范圍,擴大“營改增”試點。
We increased targeted tax reductions, reduced fees across the board, extended the coverage of tax relief policies to benefit more small and micro businesses, and expanded the trials to replace business tax with VAT to cover more industries.

定向減稅 targeted tax reductions
普遍性降費 reduce fees across the board
稅收優(yōu)惠政策 tax relief policies
營改增 replace business tax with VAT

以上表達,應該是屬于這類材料里比較難翻譯的部分,有的是比較專業(yè),平時看時政少的話漢語都不理解,有的是需要多熟悉表達方式,盡量自己也能熟練應用。

可以學習下的是 extend 和 expand 這兩個詞,意思相近,也稍有差別。有網(wǎng)友總結區(qū)別如下:extend 表示時間和空間的“延長”,也可以用于比喻意義上的“延長”,或范圍的“擴展”。 例如:to extend one's stay. (延長某人的逗留) ; expand側重指“上下、左右、前后的面或體的伸展”,例如:Irons expands when it is heated. 鐵加熱時就膨脹。
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