時代雜志評出2014年25項最佳發(fā)明(上)
作者:滬江英語
來源:時代周刊
2014-11-26 10:46
The Real-Life Hoverboard 1.浮空滑板
The hoverboard—a type of skateboard that levitates like a magic carpet—had been a pipe dream since its fictional debut in 1989’s Back to the Future Part II. Now California-based tech firm Hendo has built the real thing.
還記得1989年的經(jīng)典科幻電影《回到未來》中出現(xiàn)過的那個像魔毯一樣浮在空中的滑板么?加利福尼亞的一家名為Hendo的科技公司將電影里的滑板變成了現(xiàn)實。
Hendo’s hoverboard can float only an inch or so above the ground, and even then only over conductive material like copper or aluminum.
雖然Hendo公司研發(fā)的這款滑板目前只可以離開地面懸浮1英寸左右,而且還必須在如銅或鋁這樣的導電材料上才可實現(xiàn)。
But the technology that powers it could be revolutionary. Using the $450,000-plus it raised on Kickstarter, Hendo founders Jill and Greg Henderson plan to develop magnetic “hovering” tech to stabilize buildings during earthquakes, protect valuable works of art and more. “The hoverboard is the first step to bringing this technology to the world,” says Greg.
但是這項技術(shù)確實具有突破性意義。Hendo公司的創(chuàng)始人吉爾和格雷格用在美國慈善網(wǎng)站上籌到的45萬美元,做出了開發(fā)磁滑翔技術(shù)的計劃,希望能在保持地震中建筑的穩(wěn)定性、保護珍貴的藝術(shù)作品等方面得到應(yīng)用。格雷格說:“這款浮空滑板是開發(fā)該項技術(shù)的第一步。”
The Supersmart Spacecraft 2.印度火星飛船探測器
Nobody gets Mars right on the first try. The U.S. didn’t, Russia didn’t, the Europeans didn’t. But on Sept.?24, India did. That’s when the Mangalyaan (Mars craft in Hindi) went into orbit around the Red Planet, a technological feat no other Asian nation has yet achieved. Building the craft cost India just $74?million. At that price, the Mangalyaan is equipped with just five onboard instruments that allow it to do simple tasks like measure Martian methane and surface composition. More important, however, it allows India to flex its interplanetary muscles, which portends great things for the country’s space program—and for science in general.
沒有國家在進行火星探測時一次成功的。美國沒有,俄羅斯沒有,歐洲各國也沒有。但是在今年的9月24日,印度成功了。印度火星飛船“曼加里安”號在那天成功進入火星軌道,完成了其他亞洲國家都未曾完成的科技壯舉。制造這艘飛船印度僅花了7400萬美元。飛船上裝有5個用來執(zhí)行測量火星大氣中的甲烷等任務(wù)的設(shè)備。印度火星飛船為印度創(chuàng)造了歷史,對于印度的航空項目以及整個科學界都意義重大。
A Reactor that Could Realize Nuclear Fusion 3.小型核聚變反應(yīng)堆
In October, Lockheed Martin said it had achieved a technological breakthrough that will enable it to make compact fusion reactors small enough to fit on the back of a truck within a decade. The design uses “magnetic mirror confinement” to control the reaction. If Lockheed really can produce a workable fusion reactor, the world of energy may never be the same.
今年十月,洛克希德·馬丁公司稱他們已經(jīng)完成了一項重大科技突破,能夠在十年內(nèi)將聚變反應(yīng)堆的規(guī)??s小到在一輛卡車上就可進行。這項設(shè)計采用“磁鏡約束”技術(shù)來控制整個反應(yīng)。如果該公司真的能夠制造出這種小型的核聚變反應(yīng)堆,那將大大改變能源領(lǐng)域的現(xiàn)狀。
Wireless Electricity 4.無線充電
We already have wireless Internet and wireless phones. Why, then, are everyday appliances still shackled to the wall? To be sure, there are a few power-mat chargers for small gadgets like phones. But WiTricity, based in Watertown, Mass., is thinking big. Its technology—involving a plug-in coil that creates a magnetic field, which in turn powers objects as far away as 8 ft. (2.4 m)—has been tested on Toyota electric cars (with charging mats), Intel PCs (with charging pads) and more. Within 10 years, says CEO Alex Gruzen, rooms could be wired so that all appliances—lamps, TVs, stereos—pull power from a central charging base.
我們已經(jīng)有了無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無線手機,那為什么日常的家用電器還離不開墻上的插座呢?目前手機的無線充電已經(jīng)實現(xiàn),但是來自美國馬薩諸塞州沃特敦的WiTricity公司決定讓無線充電走的更遠。他們研發(fā)的技術(shù)包含一個可以產(chǎn)生磁場的插電式線圈,能夠為距離在8英尺(2.4米)以內(nèi)的電器進行充電。目前該技術(shù)已經(jīng)在豐田的汽車和英特爾的個人電腦上成功實驗。該公司的CEO亞歷克斯·格魯澤在十年之內(nèi)該技術(shù)會被應(yīng)用在房間里,到時候包括點燈、電視、音響等所有電器都可以通過一個集中的充電設(shè)備進行無線充電。
3-D-Printed Everything 5.全能3D打印機
A machine that can build any object. It sounds like a sci-fi fantasy, but thanks to the rise of 3-D printers—devices that can build objects from digital blueprints, usually by layering plastic or other materials—it is rapidly becoming reality.
一臺“想要什么就生成什么”的機器,這聽起來像是科幻小說里才有的東西,不過因為有了3D打印機,所以現(xiàn)在只要有數(shù)字結(jié)構(gòu)圖,再加上塑料等一些材料,我們確實能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在一臺機器上生成想要的所有物體。
That’s a boon for consumers and corporations alike. In the past year alone, middle-school students have 3-D-printed stock cars for physics lessons, scientists have 3-D-printed tissues for human organs, and GE has used 3-D printing to improve the efficiency of its jet engines. “This is one of those technologies that literally touches everything we do,” says Avi Reichental, CEO of 3D Systems, whose 3-D printers produce candy (as shown above) and musical instruments, among other objects.
無論是對消費者還是對企業(yè)而言,3D打印機都是一種福利。在過去的一年時間里,中學生用它打印了物理課要用的小汽車,科學家們用它打印了病人所需的器官組織,通用汽車公司用它提升了發(fā)動機的效率。3D Systems公司的CEO阿維稱:“這是一項能夠讓我們獲得任何東西的技術(shù)。”該公司的打印機曾打印出糖果(如圖所示)、樂器等物品。
Watches that Redefine Smart 6.蘋果Apple Watch
Most smart watches have proved to be anything but: they try to shrink down the experience of using a cell phone, with clunky results. Apple’s Watch, by contrast, wholly reimagines the computer for the wrist, using a novel interface that combines a touchscreen and physical buttons. Besides telling time, the Watch can send messages, give directions, track fitness and make wireless payments. It’s also an attractive piece of fashion, with high-end Edition models that feature 18-karat gold.
許多智能手表都只是將智能手機的屏幕壓縮到了手表的大小,觸控和操作都很難精準。而蘋果公司的這款Apple Watch對智能手表進行了重新思考,采用了觸摸屏和物理按鈕相結(jié)合的全新界面。除了報時,這款手表還可以發(fā)信息、導航、追蹤管理健康狀況以及無線支付。而且它外表高端時尚,采用了18克拉鍍金的表殼。
The Smartphone that Puts Privacy First 7.以保護私隱為主的智能手機Blackphone
Nearly half of Americans don’t feel safe sharing private information over a cell-phone call, according to Pew. So how can phone owners conceal their data? Enter the Blackphone, a smartphone designed to put privacy above all else. The device runs a customized Android operating system stripped of features that might make data vulnerable, like calendar sync. But even with a Blackphone, users should be careful about what they type or upload. As Blackphone CEO Toby Weir-Jones explains, “It’s dangerous to assume anything is a magic invisibility cloak.”
根據(jù)皮尤研究中心的調(diào)查,有大約一半以上的美國人認為打電話時個人的隱私信息并不安全。那么手機用戶如何保護自己的手機數(shù)據(jù)呢?使用以保護私隱為主的智能手機Blackphone吧!這款手機裝有簡化版的安卓系統(tǒng),把一切可能影響信息泄露的要素全部去掉。不過即使用了Blackphone,你也要小心,不要隨意下載軟件。正如Blackphone公司的CEO托比說的那樣:“不要認為有任何東西可以成為神奇的隱形衣,那樣很危險?!?/div>
The Cooler that Powers Your Party 8.派對用冰箱Coolest Cooler
For more than 60 years, coolers have done a fine job putting party refreshments on ice. But that wasn’t good enough for Ryan Grepper. “We wanted the cooler to be a place where people gather—to have all the things that make a space somewhere you’d want to hang out,” says the former medical sales rep.
六十多年來,冰箱在派對上的作用就是提供冰塊。但是這對瑞恩·葛雷博來說并不夠。“我們想要冰箱里有參加派對的人想要的所有東西,想讓冰箱能專供派對使用?!比鸲髡f。
The result is the world’s smartest all-purpose party starter. It stores food and drinks, sure. But it also touts a blender (“for vodkaritas,” Grepper offers), an LED lid light (“to see if you’re reaching for beer or Clamato juice”), a USB charger (“so nobody’s phone dies”), a Bluetooth speaker (for tunes) and big wheels designed to navigate many terrains (beach, parking lot). “I just want to make the coolest cooler out there,” says Grepper. Hence the name: Coolest Cooler.
有這樣想法的結(jié)果就是世界上最精致小巧、裝備齊全的派對專用冰箱誕生了。它當然可以冷藏食物和飲料。但是除此之外,它還有攪拌機(可以做雞尾酒神馬的)、LED照明燈(使你在拿啤酒或果汁時看得更清楚)、USB充電器(這樣就沒人會忍受手機沒電之苦了)、藍牙音箱(當然是為了派對上的音樂)以及適合在沙灘、停車場等移動的全地形輪子?!拔抑皇窍氚l(fā)明一個世界上最酷的冰箱?!比鸲髡f,所以它的名字叫“Coolest Cooler”。