Two Americans and a German won the Nobel Prize in chemistry this year for their work on optical?microscopy?that has opened up our understanding of?molecules?by allowing us to see how they work close up.
兩名美國(guó)及一名德國(guó)科學(xué)家榮獲了今年的諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，以表彰他們?cè)诠鈱W(xué)顯微技術(shù)領(lǐng)域取得的成就，這一成就讓人們通過(guò)看到分子之間如何緊密的工作而更加了解它們。

The winners are Eric Betzig, Stefan W. Hell and William E. Moerner, the Nobel?committee?in Sweden announced Wednesday.
諾貝爾委員會(huì)于周三宣布：獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叻謩e是埃里克·白茲格，斯特凡·W·赫爾以及威廉姆·E·莫爾納爾。

Back in 1873, science believed it had reached a limit in how much more of a detailed picture a microscope could provide. At the time, microscopist Ernst Abbe said the maximum resolution had been?attained.
早在1873年，科學(xué)家相信光學(xué)顯微技術(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到一種極限：顯微鏡已經(jīng)無(wú)法提供更為精細(xì)的圖像了。同時(shí)，顯微鏡學(xué)者恩斯特·阿貝認(rèn)為光學(xué)顯微鏡分辨率達(dá)到了一個(gè)物理極限。

This year's winners proved that contention wrong.
而今年諾貝爾的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咦C明了這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。

"Due to their achievements, the optical microscope can now peer into the nanoworld," the committee said.
“由于他們的貢獻(xiàn)，我們可以利用光學(xué)顯微鏡對(duì)納米世界一探究竟，”委員會(huì)說(shuō)。

The importance can't be overemphasized: Now, scientists can see how proteins in?fertilized?eggs divide into?embryos, or they can track?proteins?involved in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases, the committee said.
還有怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不過(guò)分的是：如今科學(xué)家可以跟蹤受精卵在分裂形成胚胎時(shí)蛋白質(zhì)的變化過(guò)程，他們還能追蹤阿茲海默癥和帕金森病患者體內(nèi)相關(guān)蛋白的累積情況，委員會(huì)說(shuō)。

Hell, of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, G?ttingen, and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, both in Germany, developed a way to use two laser?beams?to make individual molecules glow on and off.
斯特凡·W·赫爾，作為哥廷根馬克斯普朗克生物物理化學(xué)研究所的主任和海德堡德國(guó)癌癥研究中心的部門(mén)主任發(fā)展了一種方法：使用兩束激光，其中用一束激光激發(fā)熒光分子發(fā)光，再用另一束激光消除掉納米尺寸以外的所有熒光。

Speaking to the Nobel committee by phone after the prize was announced, Hell said the development of nanoscopy was "very important to life scientists" because the use of focused light is the only way to see how the body works at acellular?level.
在宣告獲獎(jiǎng)之后，和諾貝爾委員的通話(huà)中，赫爾提到，納米顯微學(xué)對(duì)于生命科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)是十分重要的。因?yàn)榫奂馐褂檬俏ㄒ豢梢宰屛覀兛匆?jiàn)身體如何在細(xì)胞水平狀態(tài)下工作的方法。

He said he was "totally surprised" by the call from the Nobel committee and that it took a while for the news to sink in.
赫爾說(shuō)，對(duì)于接到諾貝爾委員會(huì)的電話(huà)他感到十分震驚，他用了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間使自己平復(fù)。

Betzig, of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, in Ashburn, Virginia, and Moerner, of Stanford University in California, worked separately to develop the basis for single-molecule microscopy.
弗吉尼亞州阿什伯恩市霍華德·休斯醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的研究人員埃里克·白茲格，和加利福尼亞州斯坦福大學(xué)教授莫爾納爾，各自獨(dú)立地做出了單分子熒光顯微術(shù)。

This uses light to make individual molecules glow and allows a?dense?super-image to be resolved at the nanolevel.
這種技術(shù)是利用光使單個(gè)分子發(fā)出熒光，并得到了一幅納米級(jí)別的超高密度圖片。

Committee chairman Sven Lidin said that thanks to their development of super-resolution?fluorescence?microscopy, cells could be studied close up and the boundary between chemistry and biology had?blurred.
委員會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)斯文·列丁說(shuō)，多虧了他們對(duì)于超高分辨率熒光顯微技術(shù)的發(fā)展，細(xì)胞可以更深入的被研究，化學(xué)和生物學(xué)的分界線(xiàn)也變得不那么明顯了。

"Guesswork has turned into hard facts and?obscurity?has turned into?clarity," he added. “
臆測(cè)漸漸成為現(xiàn)實(shí)，模糊也逐漸明朗化。”斯文?列丁說(shuō)。

Last year's prize in chemistry rewarded three scientists, Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, for work leading to the computer programs used today to predict the?outcomes?of very complex chemical reactions.
去年的諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予了三位科學(xué)家，馬丁?卡普拉斯、邁克爾?萊維特和亞利耶，因利用電腦程序來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)復(fù)雜化學(xué)反應(yīng)結(jié)果而分享獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。

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