第一百六十一條 依照本章程序審理的案件，實行一審終審。

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"Article 161 In cases tried in accordance with the procedure provided in this Chapter, the judgment of first instance shall be final . "

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選民資格案件或者重大、疑難的案件，由審判員組成合議庭審理；其他案件由審判員一人獨任審理。

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"A collegial panel of judges shall be formed for the trial of any case in involving the qualification of voters or of any major, difficult or complicated case; other cases shall be tried by a single judge alone."

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第一百六十二條 人民法院在依照本章程序審理案件的過程中，發(fā)現本案屬于民事權益爭議的，應當裁定終結特別程序，并告知利害關系人可以另行起訴。

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"Article 162 If a people's court, while trying a case in accordance with the procedure provided in this Chapter, finds that the case involves a civil dispute over rights and interests, it shall make a written order to terminate the special procedure and inform the interested parties to otherwise institute and action."

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第一百六十三條 人民法院適用特別程序審理的案件，應當在立案之日起三十日內或者公告期滿后三十日內審結。

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Article 163 A people's court trying a case in which special procedure is followed shall conclude the case within 30 days after placing the case on the docket or within 30 days after expiration of the period stated in the public notice.

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有特殊情況需要延長的，由本院院長批準。但審理選民資格的案件除外。

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" Any extension of the time limit necessitated by special circumstances shall be subject to the approval of the president of the court, excepting, however, a case concerning the qualification of voters."

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第二節(jié) 選民資格案件

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Section 2 Cases Concerning the Qualification of Voters

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第一百六十四條 公民不服選舉委員會對選民資格的申訴所作的處理決定，可以在選舉日的五日以前向選區(qū)所在地基層人民法院起訴。

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"Article 164 If a citizen refuses to accept an election committee's decision on an appeal concerning his voting qualification, he may, five days before the election day, bring a suit in the basic people's court located in the electoral district."

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第一百六十五條 人民法院受理選民資格案件后，必須在選舉日前審結。

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"Article 165 After entertaining a case concerning voting qualification, a people's court must conclude the trial before the election day."

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審理時，起訴人、選舉委員會的代表和有關公民必須參加。

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"The party who brings the suit, the representative of the election committee and other citizens concerned must participate in the proceedings."

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人民法院的判決書，應當在選舉日前送達選舉委員會和起訴人，并通知有關公民。

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The written judgment of the people's court shall be served on the election committee and the party who brings the suit before the election day; other citizens concerned shall be notified of the judgment.

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第三節(jié) 宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件

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Section 3 Cases Concerning the Declaration of a Person as Missing or Dead

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第一百六十六條 公民下落不明滿二年，利害關系人申請宣告其失蹤的，向下落不明人住所地基層人民法院提出。

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"Article 166 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full, if the interested party applies for declaring the person as missing, the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his domicile."

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申請書應當寫明失蹤的事實、時間和請求，并附有公安機關或者其他有關機關關于該公民下落不明的書面證明。

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The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance of the person missing as well as the motion; documentary evidence from a public security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to the application.

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第一百六十七條 公民下落不明滿四年，或者因意外事故下落不明滿二年，或者因意外事故下落不明，經有關機關證明該公民不可能生存，利害關系人申請宣告其死亡的，向下落不明人住所地基層人民法院提出。

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"Article 167 With respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown for four years in full or whose whereabouts are unknown for two years in full after an accident in which he was involved, or with respect to a citizen whose whereabouts are unknown after such an accident, and, upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive, if the interested party applies for declaring such person as dead, the application shall be filed with the basic people's court in the locality where the missing person has his domicile."

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申請書應當寫明下落不明的事實、時間和請求，并附有公安機關或者其他有關機關關于該公民下落不明的書面證明。

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The application shall clearly state the facts and time of the disappearance as well as the motion; documentary evidence from a public security organ or other relevant organs concerning the disappearance of the citizen shall be appended to the application.

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第一百六十八條 人民法院受理宣告失蹤、宣告死亡案件后，應當發(fā)出尋找下落不明人的公告。

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"Article 168 After entertaining a case concerning the declaration of a person as missing or dead, the people's court shall issue a public notice in search of the person missing. "

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宣告失蹤的公告期間為三個月，宣告死亡的公告期間為一年。

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"The period of the public notice for declaring a person as missing shall be three months, and that for declaring a person as dead shall be one year. "

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因意外事故下落不明，經有關機關證明該公民不可能生存的，宣告死亡的公告期間為三個月。

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"Where a citizen's whereabouts are unknown after an accident in which he was involved and, upon proof furnished by the relevant authorities that it is impossible for him to survive, the period of the public notice for proclaiming such person as dead shall be three months."

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公告期間屆滿，人民法院應當根據被宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的事實是否得到確認，作出宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的判決或者駁回申請的判決。

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"On the expiration of the period of the public notice, the people's court shall, depending on whether the fact of the missing or death of the person has been confirmed, make a judgment declaring the person missing or dead or make a judgment rejecting the application."

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第一百六十九條 被宣告失蹤、宣告死亡的公民重新出現，經本人或者利害關系人申請，人民法院應當作出新判決，撤銷原判決。

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"Article 169 If a person who has been declared missing or dead by a people's court reappears, the people's court shall, upon the application of that person or of an interested party, make a new judgment and annul the previous one."

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第四節(jié) 認定公民無民事行為能力、限制民事行為能力案件

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Section 4 Cases Concerning the Adjudgment of Legal Incapacity or Restricted Legal Capacity of Citizens

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第一百七十條 申請認定公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力，由其近親屬或者其他利害關系人向該公民住所地基層人民法院提出。

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Article 170 An application for adjudgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen shall be filed by the citizen's near relatives or any other interested party with the basic people's court in the locality where the citizen has his domicile.

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申請書應當寫明該公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的事實和根據。

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The application shall clearly state the fact and grounds of the citizen's legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity.

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第一百七十一條 人民法院受理申請后，必要時應當對被請求認定為無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的公民進行鑒定。

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"Article 171 After accepting such an application, the people's court shall, when necessary, have an expert evaluation of the citizen of whom the determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity is sought; "

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申請人已提供鑒定結論的，應當對鑒定結論進行審查。

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"if the applicant has already provided an evaluation conclusion, the people's court shall examine such conclusion."

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第一百七十二條 人民法院審理認定公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的案件，應當由該公民的近親屬為代理人，但申請人除外。

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"Article 172 In the trial by the people's court of a case for the determination of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of a citizen, a near relative of the citizen shall be his agent, the applicant being excluded."

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近親屬互相推諉的，由人民法院指定其中一人為代理人。

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"If the near relatives of the citizen shift responsibility onto one another, the people's court shall appoint one of them as agent for the citizen. "

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該公民健康情況許可的，還應當詢問本人的意見。

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"If the citizen's condition of health permits, the people's court shall also seek the opinion of the citizen on the matter."

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人民法院經審理認定申請有事實根據的，判決該公民為無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力人；認定申請沒有事實根據的，應當判決予以駁回。

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"If, through the trial, the people's court finds that the application is based on facts, a judgment of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity of the citizen shall be made; if the court finds that the application is not based on facts, it shall make a judgment rejecting the application."

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第一百七十三條 人民法院根據被認定為無民事行為能力人、限制民事行為能力人或者他的監(jiān)護人的申請，證實該公民無民事行為能力或者限制民事行為能力的原因已經消除的，應當作出新判決，撤銷原判決。

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"Article 173 If, upon the application of a person who has been determined as one of legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity or upon the application of his guardian, the people's court confirms that the causes of that person's legal incapacity or restricted legal capacity have been eliminated, a new judgment shall be made annulling the previous one."

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第五節(jié) 認定財產無主案件

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Section 5 Cases Concerning the Determination of a Property as Ownerless

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第一百七十四條 申請認定財產無主，由公民、法人或者其他組織向財產所在地基層人民法院提出。

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"Article 174 An application for determining a property as ownerless shall be filed by a citizen, legal person or any other organization with the basic people's court in the place where the property is located."

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申請書應當寫明財產的種類、數量以及要求認定財產無主的根據。

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The application shall clearly state the type and quantity of the property and the grounds on which the application for determining the property as ownerless is filed.

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第一百七十五條 人民法院受理申請后，經審查核實，應當發(fā)出財產認領公告。

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"Article 175 The people's court shall, after accepting such an application and upon examination and verification of it, issue a public notice calling on the owner to claim the property. "

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公告滿一年無人認領的，判決認定財產無主，收歸國家或者集體所有。

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"If no one claims the property one year after the issue of the public notice, the people's court shall make a judgment determining the property as ownerless and turn it over to the State or the collective concerned."

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第一百七十六條 判決認定財產無主后，原財產所有人或者繼承人出現，在民法通則規(guī)定的訴訟時效期間可以對財產提出請求，人民法院審查屬實后，應當作出新判決，撤銷原判決。

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"Article 176 If, after a property has been determined by a judgment as ownerless, the owner of the property or his successor appears, such a person may file a claim for the property within the period of limitation specified in the General Principles of the Civil Law. The people's court shall, after examination and verification of the claim, make a new judgment, annulling the previous one."

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第二編 審判程序 第十六章 審判監(jiān)督程序

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Chapter XVI Procedure for Trial Supervision

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第一百七十七條 各級人民法院院長對本院已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現確有錯誤，認為需要再審的，應當提交審判委員會討論決定。

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"Article 177 If the president of a people's court at any level finds definite error in a legally effective judgment or written order of his court and deems it necessary to have the case retried, he shall refer it to the judicial committee for discussion and decision."

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最高人民法院對地方各級人民法院已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，上級人民法院對下級人民法院已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，發(fā)現確有錯誤的，有權提審或者指令下級人民法院再審。

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"If the Supreme People's Court finds definite error in a legally effective judgement or written order of a local people's court at any level, or if a people's court at a higher level finds some definite error in a legally effective judgment or written order of a people's court at a lower level, it shall respectively have the power to bring the case up for trial by itself or direct the people's court at a lower level to conduct a retrial."

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第一百七十八條 當事人對已經發(fā)生法律效力的判決、裁定，認為有錯誤的，可以向原審人民法院或者上一級人民法院申請再審，但不停止判決、裁定的執(zhí)行。

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"Article 178 If a party to an action considers that there is error in a legally effective judgment or written order, he may apply to the people's court which originally tried the case or to a people's court at the next higher level for a retrial; however, execution of the judgment or order shall not be suspended."

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第一百七十九條 當事人的申請符合下列情形之一的，人民法院應當再審：

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"Article 179 If an application made by a party meets any of the following conditions, the people's court shall retry the case: "

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（一）有新的證據，足以推翻原判決、裁定的；

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(1) there is sufficient new evidence to set aside the original judgment or written order;

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（二）原判決、裁定認定事實的主要證據不足的；

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(2) the main evidence on which the facts were ascertained in the original judgment or written order was insufficient;

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（三）原判決、裁定適用法律確有錯誤的；

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(3) there was definite error in the application of the law in the original judgment or written order;

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（四）人民法院違反法定程序，可能影響案件正確判決、裁定的；

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(4) there was violation by the people's court of the legal procedure which may have affected the correctness of the judgment or written order in the case;

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（五）審判人員在審理該案件時有貪污受賄，徇私舞弊，枉法裁判行為的。

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"or (5) the judicial officers have committed embezzlement, accepted bribes, done malpractices for personal benefits and perverted the law in the adjudication of the case."

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人民法院對不符合前款規(guī)定的申請，予以駁回。

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The people's court shall reject the application that meets none of the conditions specified above.

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第一百八十條 當事人對已經發(fā)生法律效力的調解書，提出證據證明調解違反自愿原則或者調解協(xié)議的內容違反法律的，可以申請再審。

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"Article 180 With respect to a legally effective conciliation statement, if evidence furnished by a party proves that the conciliation violates the principle of voluntariness or that the content of the conciliation agreement violates the law, the party may apply for a retrial."

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經人民法院審查屬實的，應當再審。

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" If the foregoing proves true after its examination, the people's court shall retry the case."