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Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now the first magazine was a little periodical called the Review, and it was started in London in 1704. It looked a lot like the newspapers of the time. But in terms of its content, it was much different. Newspapers were concerned mainly with news events, but the Review focused on important domestic issues of the day, as well as the policies of the government. Now in England at the time, people could still be thrown in jail for publishing articles that were critical of the king. And that's what happened to Denial Defoe. He was the outspoken founder of the Review. Defoe actually wrote the first issue of the Review from prison. You see, he had been arrested because of his writings that criticized the policies of the Church of England, which was headed by the king. After his release, Defoe continued to produce the Review and the magazine started to appear on a more frequent schedule, about three times a week, it didn't take long for other magazines to start popping up. In 1709 a magazine called the Tattler began publication. This new magazine contained a mixture of news, poetry, political analysis, and philosophical essays.
離開報紙,讓我們來注意雜志。第一本雜志是1704年在倫敦發(fā)行的一個期刊叫《回顧》。它看上去和它同時代的報紙很相似,但內(nèi)容上是很不同的。報紙主要關(guān)注新聞事件,但《回顧》卻注重重要的國內(nèi)事件,還有政府決策。當(dāng)時的英格蘭人還可能因為在雜志上發(fā)表對國王的意見而被判入獄。Denial Defoe就是其中之一。他是一個性格外向的《回顧》創(chuàng)刊人。其實《回顧》的第一期就是Defoe在獄中寫出來的。你知道,他曾因?qū)戇^一篇批評英格蘭教堂政策的文章而被捕。釋放以后,他繼續(xù)出版《回顧》,而且出版的次數(shù)更多了,大概每周3期。沒有多長時間,其它雜志也像雨后春筍般地出現(xiàn)了。在1709年一本叫《聊家》的雜志開始出版。這本新雜志包含了新聞,詩歌,政治評論和哲學(xué)論文等多方面的內(nèi)容。