世界文學(xué)名家:印度“詩圣”泰戈爾
羅賓德拉納特·泰戈爾(Rabindranath Tagore),印度詩人、哲學(xué)家和反現(xiàn)代民族主義者。1913年獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎,是第一位獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎的亞洲人。在其他國家,泰戈爾一般被看作是一位詩人,而很少被看做一位哲學(xué)家,但在印度這兩者往往是相同的。他的詩中含有深刻的宗教和哲學(xué)的見解。對泰戈爾來說,他的詩是他奉獻給神的禮物,而他本人是神的求婚者。他的詩在印度享有史詩的地位,他本人被許多印度教徒看作是一個圣人。
泰戈爾8歲開始寫詩,12歲開始寫劇本,15歲發(fā)表了第一首長詩《野花》,17歲發(fā)表了敘事詩《詩人的故事》。1878年赴英國倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院(UCL)留學(xué),1880年回國專門從事文學(xué)活動。1886年,他發(fā)表《新月集》,成為印度大中小學(xué)必選的文學(xué)教材。除詩歌外,泰戈爾還寫了小說、小品文、游記、話劇和2000多首歌曲。
泰戈爾做過多次旅行,這使他了解到許多不同的文化以及它們之間的區(qū)別。他對東方和西方文化的描寫至今為止是這類描述中最細膩的之一。
Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his region's literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse", he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical Sanskrit. He was highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern South Asia.
Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's Jana Gana Mana and Bangladesh's Amar Shonar Bangla.
【主要作品】
詩集:《故事詩集》(1900)、《吉檀迦利》(1910)、《新月集》 (1913)、《飛鳥集》(1916)、《流螢集》(1928)、《園丁集》(1913)、《邊緣集》(1938)、《生辰集》(1941)
小說:
短篇《還債》(1891)、 《棄絕》(1893)、《素芭》(1893)、《人是活著,還是死了?》(1892)、《摩訶摩耶》(1892)、《太陽與烏云》 (1894)
中篇《四個人》(1916)
長篇《沉船》(1906)、《戈拉》(1910)、《家庭與世界》(1916)、《兩姐妹》(1932)
歌曲:印度國歌《人民的意志》
【評價】
作家冰心:“泰戈爾是貴族出身,家境優(yōu)越,自幼受過良好教育。他的作品感情充沛,語調(diào)明快,用辭華美。格調(diào)也更天真,更歡暢,更富神秘色彩。而紀伯倫是苦出身,他的作品更像一個飽經(jīng)滄桑的老人在講為人處世的哲理,于平靜中流露出淡淡的悲涼?!?/p>
【名言】
- 相關(guān)熱點:
- 英語名言
- 名詞復(fù)數(shù)