英國歷史人物:威廉•莎士比亞
威廉·莎士比亞簡介
威廉·莎士比亞(William Shakespeare,1564-1616),英國文學(xué)史上最杰出的戲劇家,也是西方文藝史上最杰出的作家之一,全世界最卓越的文學(xué)家之一。他流傳下來的作品包括38部戲劇、154首十四行詩、兩首長敘事詩和其他詩歌。戲劇創(chuàng)作是莎士比亞主要的成就。
正如許多作家一樣,他的創(chuàng)作也分為三個階段:前期是浪漫的、激情的、樂觀的;中期則表現(xiàn)為現(xiàn)實的、深沉的、憂憤的;到了晚年,又帶上對來世彼岸的神秘性思考,表現(xiàn)為悠遠的、宗教的、虛無的。
William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon".
His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry".
In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed, and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world.
莎士比亞在世時被尊為詩人和劇作家,但直到19世紀他的聲望才達到今日的高度。并在20世紀盛名傳至亞洲,非洲,拉丁美洲三大洲。浪漫主義時期贊頌莎士比亞的才華,維多利亞時代像英雄一樣地尊敬他,被蕭伯納稱為莎士比亞崇拜。20世紀,他的作品常常被新學(xué)術(shù)運動改編并重新發(fā)現(xiàn)價值。至今他的作品直至今日依舊廣受歡迎,在全球以不同文化和政治形式演出和詮釋。
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安妮-海瑟薇老公酷似莎士比亞 網(wǎng)友戲稱愛情前世今生>>>
代表作品:
四大悲?。骸豆防滋亍罚℉amlet)、《奧賽羅》(Othello)、《麥克白》(Macbeth)、《李爾王》(King Lear)。
四大喜劇:《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of venice)、《仲夏夜之夢》(A Midsummer Night's Dream)、《皆大歡喜》(As You Like It)、《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night)。
歷史?。?《亨利四世》、《亨利五世》、《亨利六世》、《亨利八世》、《約翰王》、《理查二世》、《理查三世》。
十四行詩:莎士比亞十四行詩大約創(chuàng)作于1590年至1598年之間,其詩作的結(jié)構(gòu)技巧和語言技巧都很高,幾乎每首詩都有獨立的審美價值。莎士比亞在運用這個詩體時,極為得心應(yīng)手,主要表現(xiàn)為語匯豐富、用詞洗練、比喻新穎、結(jié)構(gòu)巧妙、音調(diào)鏗鏘悅耳。而其最擅長的是最后兩行詩,往往構(gòu)思奇詭,語出驚人,既是全詩點睛之作,又自成一聯(lián)警語格言。在英國乃至世界十四行詩的創(chuàng)作中,莎士比亞十四行詩是一座高峰,當(dāng)?shù)闷鹂涨敖^后的美稱。共154首。
莎翁名言:
銀幕上的莎士比亞
《莎翁情史》的拍攝起源其實很簡單,編劇兼制片馬克諾曼的兒子在學(xué)校研究伊麗莎白一世時期的劇作,他曾問父親莎翁撰寫《羅密歐與朱麗葉》的靈感來自何方,他認為那一定是個墜入愛河的人所寫的,于是就衍生出這個有趣的電影。
莎翁情史 Shakespeare in Love (1998)
導(dǎo)演: 約翰·麥登
主演: 約瑟夫·費因斯 格溫妮絲·帕特洛 杰弗里·拉什
It is the summer of 1593, and the rising young star of London's theatre scene, Will Shakespeare, faces a scourge like no other: a paralyzing bout of writer's block. While the great Elizabethan age of entertainment unfolds around him, Will is without inspiration on material. What Will needs is a muse--and in an extraordinary moment in which life imitates art, he finds and falls for a woman who draws him into his own dramatic adventure of star-crossed love.
影片以莎士比亞創(chuàng)作名作《羅密歐與朱麗葉》為引線,講述莎翁本人的愛情羅曼史,并點出其創(chuàng)作《羅密歐與朱麗葉》的主因及過程。當(dāng)時生活清貧的莎士比亞在創(chuàng)作一部名為《羅密歐與海盜之女伊桃》的喜劇時,與美麗的少女維奧娜相識,為他帶來了不少創(chuàng)作靈感。正當(dāng)莎士比亞墜入愛河之際,卻傳來維奧娜即將嫁與一個貴族的消息,莎士比亞在悲痛之中,將他的喜劇改成為悲劇故事,取名《羅密歐與朱麗葉》。