大 學(xué) 英 語 六 級 考 試

全國統(tǒng)一模擬沖刺試卷

COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST
— Band Six —
(6 TSH 2)

試???? 卷

注? 意? 事? 項

一、 ?將自己的校名、 姓名、 準(zhǔn)考證號寫在答題卡上， 將本試卷代號（A、 B卷）劃在答題卡上。

二、 ?試卷和答題卡均不得帶出考場?？荚嚱Y(jié)束， 監(jiān)考員收卷后考生才可離開。

三、 ?仔細(xì)讀懂題目的說明。

四、 ??多項選擇題的答案一定要劃在答題卡上， 凡是寫在試卷上的答案一律無效。每題只能選一個答案； 如多選， 則該題無分。選定答案后， 用鉛筆在相應(yīng)字母的中部劃一條橫線。正確方法是： ［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］

五、 ?如果要改動答案， 必須先用橡皮擦凈原來選定的答案， 然后再按上面的規(guī)定重新答題。

六、 ?試題的第四部分改錯（Error Correction）和第五部分作文（Writing）印刷在答題卡上， 請用黑色字跡簽字筆在答題卡上作答。

七、 ?在90分鐘內(nèi)做完試題的第一至第四部分。90分鐘后， 監(jiān)考員收取試卷， 然后考生再做第五部分作文題， 答題時間為30分鐘。全部考試時間為120分鐘， 不得拖延時間。

八、 ?在考試過程中要注意對自己的答案保密。若被他人抄襲， 一經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)， 后果自負(fù)。

新東方全國大學(xué)英語四、 六級考試研究委員會

Part I 　????? Writing （30 minutes）

注意：? 此部分試題在答題卡1上。
Directions: ?For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Studying Abroad. You should write at least 150 words based on the chart and outline given below:

1. ?近幾年來選擇出國留學(xué)的人越來越多， 理由是……
2. ?也有人持不同意見， ……
3. ?我的看法和打算

Part Ⅱ????????? Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）

Directions: ?In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B）, C） and D）. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

The world was stunned by the news in the summer of 1995, when a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut, and his research team, successfully cloned Dolly the sheep using the technique of nuclear transfer. Replacing the DNA of one sheep’s egg with the DNA of another sheep’s the team created Dolly. Plants and lower forms of animal life have been successfully cloned for many years, but before Wilmut’s announcement, it had been thought by many to be unlikely that such a procedure could be performed on larger mammals and life forms. The world media was immediately filled with heated discussions about the ethical implications of cloning.

Some of the most powerful people in the world have felt compelled to act against this threat. President Clinton swiftly imposed a ban on federal funding for human-cloning research. Bills were put in the works in both houses of Congress to outlaw human cloning because it was deemed as a fundamentally evil thing that must be stopped. But what, exactly, is bad about it? From an ethical point of view, it is difficult to see exactly what is wrong with cloning human beings. The people who are afraid of cloning tend to assume that someone would, for example, break into Napoleon’s Tomb, steal some DNA and make a bunch of emperors. In reality, infertile people who use donated sperm, eggs, or embryos would probably use cloning. Do the potential harms outweigh the benefits of cloning? From what we know now, they don’t. Therefore, we should not rush placing a ban on a potentially useful method of helping infertile, genetically at-risk, homosexual, or single people to become parents.

Do human beings have a right to reproduce? No one has the moral right to tell another person that they should not be able to have children, and I don’t see why Bill Clinton has that right either. If humans have a right to reproduce, what right does society have to limit the means? Essentially all reproduction done these days is with medical help at delivery, and even before. Truly natural human reproduction would make pregnancy-related death the number one killer of adult women.
Some forms of medical help are more invasive than others. With in-vitro fertilization, the sperm and egg are combined in a lab and surgically implanted in the womb. Less than two decades ago, a similar concern was raised over the ethical issues involving “test-tube babies”. Today, nearly 30,000 such babies have been born in the United States alone. This miracle has made many parents happy. So what principle says that one combination of genetic material in a flask is acceptable, but not another?

Nature clones people all the time. Approximately one in 1000 births is an identical twin. However, despite how many or how few individual characteristics twins have in common, they are still different people. They have their own identities, their own thoughts, and their own rights. They enter different occupations, get different diseases, and have different experiences with marriage, alcohol, community leadership, etc. Twins have different personalities as would cloned individuals. Even if someone cloned several Napoleons, each would be different and even more unique than twins; the cloned child would be raised in a different setting. Therefore, cloning does not rob individuals of their personality.

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Perhaps the strongest ethical argument against cloning is that it could lead to a new, unfamiliar type of family relationship. We have no idea what it would be like to grow up as the child of parents who seem to know you from the inside. Some psychological characteristics may be biologically, or genetically, based. The parent would know in advance what crises a cloned teenager could go through and how he or she will respond. Because the parents may understand what the child is going through, to greater degree than most parents, it may produce a good and loving relationship in the long run. On the other hand, most children want to have their own space. Simply because a family relationship is new and untried is no reason to automatically condemn it. In the past, many types of family relationships were considered harmful, but later showed to cause no harm to the children. Among these is joint custody after divorce, gay and lesbian parenting, and interracial adoption. As with adoption, in-vitro fertilization, and the use of donor sperm, how the child will react to the news about his or her arrival in this world will depend on how the parents feel about their mode of reproduction. Parents and children may adjust to cloning far more easily than we might think, just as it happened with in-vitro fertilization.
One recurring image in anti-cloning propaganda is of some evil dictator raising an army of cloned warriors. But who is going to raise such an army. Clones start out life as babies. It is much easier to recruit young adults than to take care of babies for twenty years. Remember that cloning isn’t the same as genetic engineering. No one can make another superman and his super powers might have a slim chance of being genetically determined, but nothing is certain.

Some might think that cloning is playing God. However, can you really say that you know God’s intentions? There is substantial disagreement as to what God’ s will is. Armstrong wrote, aoyone who has truly proved that God exists, that God isn’t only Creator, but Life-giver, Designer, Sustainer, and Ruler over all his creation, knows that the human family began with one man, and that together with him a wife, miraculously created from his own body and as unique and original a creation as Adam himself, formed the first family. Though God’s miraculous creation of Eve was far from cloning, it is interesting to note in passing that God’s own Word says He used Adam’s rib-physical bone and tissue - to create Eve.?
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Another argument against cloning is that it would only be available to the wealthy and, therefore, would increase social inequality. What else is new? This is the story of American health care. We need a better health care system, not a ban on new technologies. Hopefully our new president will help us with this problem as well.

The U.S. Federal Government should not deem human cloning and cloning research illegal. It may provide a way for completely sterile or homosexual individuals to reproduce, and will probably provide valuable basic research and possible spin-off technologies related to reproduction and development. Our society has respected general rights to control one’s body regarding reproduction, and finally prohibiting it would violate the fundamental freedom of scientific inquiring.
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Will human cloning be done? Undoubtedly. The technique used in sheep cloning does not require a highly sophisticated laboratory. Since the United States government does not support research on human cloning, and the United Kingdom, France, and Germany have banned it, the research making cloning possible may take place in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East. Much cloning may also take place in secret, and will occur regardless of United States policies. Approximately eighty percent of Americans feel that cloning is wrong. However, the vast majority of people, including those who rail against cloning research, owe their lives to previous medical discoveries. Don’t let the forces of ignorance and fear turn us away from new types of research.

注意：? 此部分試題在答題卡1上。

1. ?What kind of cloning had been practiced for many years by the time of Dolly was cloned?
A） Cloning large mammals and life forms ?C） Cloning plants and large mammals
B） Cloning plants and lower forms of life?D） Cloning all kinds of life forms

2. ?How much do we know about the potential harm about cloning?
A） All of harms? ?C） 80 percent
B） About Half? ?D） A small portion

3. ?What make pregnancy-related death to be the number one killer of adult women?
A） Truly natural human reproduction ?C） All reproduction process
B） Cloning? ?D） Medical therapy

4. ?How long was the “test-tube babies” practiced in our world?
A） One hundred years? ?C） Less than two decades?
B） Fifty years??D） More than two decades

5. ?With in-vitro fertilization, what are combined in a lab and surgically implanted in the womb?
A） the sperm and egg? ?C） the gene of twins
B） cloned gene? ?D） genetical embryo

6. ?In the long run, producing a good and loving relationship by____.
A） the parents understanding of what the child is going through
B） the parents’ good personaliy
C） the cloned childs’ character
D） the cloned childs’ responses

7. ?Compared with cloning human and bringing them up as an army, it would be much cheaper to ____.
A） recruit young adults? ?C） recruit cloned warriors
B） recruit cloned people ?D） recruit middle-aged people

8. ?Some worry that human cloning as a potential privilege for the rich might contribute to _____.

9. ?The illegalization of human cloning by the government may erase the hope of people like ______.

10. ?Since human cloning can not be done in the U.S., the U.K., France and Germany, researchers can still conduct their researches in Asia, Eastern Europe, or the East, or in ______.

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