被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況
被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“助動(dòng)詞加及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的。那么不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)呢,是用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化來表示的,要注意的是它的人稱和數(shù),要與主語保持一致。下面為大家分享被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況?一起來看看吧!
一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊情況
1. 有些動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,后面接不帶to的不定式,但如果改為被動(dòng),則需把省略的to加上,這類動(dòng)詞有 [let, make, have,help]和感官動(dòng)詞[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to],如:The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
2. 含有賓語從句的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng),通常用it作為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語,從句放在句子后面/也可采用另一種形式,這類動(dòng)詞有:know, say, believe, find, think, report等
3.不是所有的主動(dòng)句都可以變換成被動(dòng)句,更不是所有的被動(dòng)句都可以自由變換成主動(dòng)句。雖然語法原則上允許主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)句的互相轉(zhuǎn)換,但有的句子轉(zhuǎn)換后會(huì)變成不通順或不地道的英語句子。因此,在某些題目里,這也成為判斷應(yīng)該用主動(dòng)還是用被動(dòng)的依據(jù)。
4.有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個(gè)賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。多是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。這樣句子自然些。直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí),間接賓語要變?yōu)槟硞€(gè)介詞的賓語,介詞to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改為This house was left (to) him by his father.
5.有些動(dòng)詞雖為及物,但賓語并非是動(dòng)作承受者,不能轉(zhuǎn)換,這些動(dòng)詞有have, hold(容納),suit, fit, lack, become(適合)contain, cost, last, mean, suffice(足夠)等。
二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式
1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的肯定句
句型:主語+be+過去分詞+(by...).
The child is well loved by people.(這個(gè)孩子很招人喜愛。)People in the world are influenced by Confucius' thoughts.(世界上的人們受到孔子思想的影響。)
2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的否定句
句型:主語+be not+過去分詞+(by...).Mark Twain isn't known as a great thinker.(馬克·吐溫并不是作為偉大的思想家而聞名于世。)The battery wasn't charged yesterday.(電池昨天沒有充電。)
3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句
句型:Be+主語+過去分詞+(by...)?Was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer written by Mark Twain?(《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》是馬克·吐溫寫的嗎?)A: Were Spiderman and Batman made into television plays?(《蜘蛛俠》和《蝙蝠俠》都被制作成了電視劇嗎?)B: Yes, they were.(是的。)/No, they weren't.(不,不是的。)
4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊疑問句
句型:疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by...)?A: What language is spoken in China?(在中國講什么語言?) B: Chinese.(漢語。)A: Who was the flying saucer invented by?(飛碟是由誰發(fā)明的?)B: It was invented by college students.(它是由大學(xué)生發(fā)明的。)A: When was the telephone invented?(電話是什么時(shí)候發(fā)明的?)B: It was invented in 1876.(它是1876年被發(fā)明的。)
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被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式,一般說來,只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。漢語往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。希望以上內(nèi)容可以給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>