你覺得自己的英語水平怎么樣呢?有沒有注意過一些小細(xì)節(jié)呢?比如標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)問題，關(guān)于英語里面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，大家可能還不太清楚。和我們語言中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不太一樣，今天我們就來看看英語當(dāng)中的使用規(guī)范吧!或許它們對(duì)你的學(xué)習(xí)也有幫助呢!

當(dāng)在英文論文或文章中使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如逗號(hào)comma (,), 冒號(hào)colon (:), 分號(hào)semicolon (;), 或破折號(hào)dash (—)時(shí)，請(qǐng)注意以下使用準(zhǔn)則：

英文寫作中如何使用逗號(hào)(Comma)

在大部分的寫作中，逗號(hào)是最常被使用的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。但因?yàn)槎禾?hào)的使用場景和使用要求最多，因此許多人會(huì)對(duì)如何正確使用感到困惑，以下是逗號(hào)的幾點(diǎn)重要功能，以及適當(dāng)?shù)氖褂脮r(shí)機(jī)。

羅列事物或短語時(shí):

I bought bread, cheese, and pickles at the grocery store.

需要分隔兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的較長從句，并使用連接詞連接時(shí)：

Astronomers have known about the positions of stars for centuries, but they didn’t understand that the earth revolves around the sun.

在介紹性短句的后面:

In preparation for the next convention, the representatives studied up on the most important issues.

當(dāng)需要區(qū)分附加說明部分的句子(parenthetical phrase)，或要分隔插入語(interrupter)時(shí):

All doctors, if they care about their patients, are concerned with good office hygiene.

逗號(hào)的常見錯(cuò)誤使用案例

Comma splice. 不要在未使用連接詞的情況下，使用逗號(hào)分隔兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句

錯(cuò)誤范例: Thousands of protesters showed up on the streets, they were shouting and carrying large posters.

正確范例: Thousands of protesters showed up on the streets; they were shouting and carrying large posters.

Combining lengthy phrases. 在復(fù)合句中使用逗號(hào)或用逗號(hào)來分隔短句會(huì)造成讀者的困惑，這種情況應(yīng)使用分號(hào)。

錯(cuò)誤范例: Some useful subjects are English, which is an international language, math, which is used in all domains of sciences and social sciences, and philosophy, which underpins many other areas of study.

正確范例: Some useful subjects are English, which is an international language; math, which is used in all sciences and social sciences; and philosophy, which underpins many other areas of study.

英文寫作中如何使用冒號(hào)(Colon)

冒號(hào)來?xiàng)l列下文，并告訴讀者 “Here’s what I mean.”。通常在英文寫作中，冒號(hào)不常被使用，除非您有許多內(nèi)容需要列舉，冒號(hào)的使用準(zhǔn)則較為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，但也相對(duì)容易被記住。

介紹一個(gè)或多個(gè)項(xiàng)目：

Humans use five major senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

分隔兩個(gè)獨(dú)立從句，第二個(gè)從句用來敘述、說明、改寫或延伸第一個(gè)從句：

Martha realized that her worst fear was coming true: her son was being sent to war.

(*冒號(hào)后用獨(dú)立的從句解釋Martha’s fear)

商業(yè)書信或正式信件開頭問候語：

To the Central Valley Committee Chairman:

其他冒號(hào)使用準(zhǔn)則

冒號(hào)后的第一個(gè)字母不要大寫，除非是專有名詞， is part of a quote, or is the first in a series of sentences:

錯(cuò)誤范例: I have three desires: To eat, sleep, and work.

正確范例 : I have three desires: to eat, sleep, and work.

當(dāng)引號(hào)內(nèi)包含多個(gè)句子，許多作者會(huì)傾向使用冒號(hào)而非逗號(hào)來引出內(nèi)容：

In Chapter 3, the author explains his theory: “Dogs have dreams, but they don’t dream as humans do. Their dreams reflect a primal desire for pleasure, whereas humans are preoccupied with the ego and self-image. This is equally true in wakefulness and sleep.”

接在冒號(hào)之后的內(nèi)容不一定要是完整的句子，可以是單詞或短語：

There is one mantra that can sum up our position towards climate change: urgent action.

常見冒號(hào)錯(cuò)誤

分隔平等并且無相關(guān)的兩個(gè)從句：

錯(cuò)誤范例: Sarah and her friends loved spending time on the mountain : nature always held a special meaning for them.

正確范例: Sarah and her friends loved spending time on the mountain ; nature always held a special meaning for them.

(*若兩個(gè)從句完全無相關(guān)，則應(yīng)使用句號(hào);若第二個(gè)從句和第一個(gè)從句有某種程度相關(guān)，并且并非用來陳述、說明或改寫第一個(gè)子句，則使用分號(hào)分隔)圖片

英文寫作中如何使用分號(hào)(Semicolon)

分號(hào)使用在分隔兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的概念(兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句)，但這兩個(gè)句子是有相關(guān)性的。當(dāng)陳列復(fù)雜的概念或短語，并且句中包含逗號(hào)時(shí)，適合使用分號(hào)來分隔。分號(hào)擁有逗號(hào)的功能，但包含更多意思，亦有有冒號(hào)的功能，但更有彈性。

在句中加入兩個(gè)或多個(gè)概念，而這些概念互為平等時(shí)：

The universe has always called to human beings; there could be no more final frontier than space.

加入兩個(gè)用連接副詞或轉(zhuǎn)折片語連接的獨(dú)立從句：

Sam thought David was inviting him to the picnic to enjoy a nice day out; as it turned out, David was planning a surprise birthday party.

陳列許多或一系列不同的項(xiàng)目，項(xiàng)目中包含逗號(hào)時(shí)，或者項(xiàng)目相對(duì)長且性質(zhì)較復(fù)雜：

Our family members came all the way from Denver, Colorado; Rochester, Minnesota; and even Paris, France.

使用對(duì)等連接詞連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立從句(若兩個(gè)從句已使用逗號(hào)分隔)，或者當(dāng)兩個(gè)從句較長時(shí)：

My main research objective is to isolate the cause of the disease, as well as to contribute to the existing literature; for this will bring an end to starvation across the continent, create new study designs related to epidemiology, and change the very paradigm of my research field.

應(yīng)使用分號(hào)而非逗號(hào)的情況

錯(cuò)誤范例: The specimens were treated properly, however, they were not stored properly.

正確范例: The specimens were treated properly; however, they were not stored properly.

*副詞“however”表示的是連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句; 不要用逗號(hào)去連接兩個(gè)不包含并列連詞(and, but, or, nor 等等)的獨(dú)立從句。

錯(cuò)誤范例: The sun is wonderful: it produces light, which plants need to survive, it gives us warmth, which is useful for most life, and it makes a sad day happier, which is obviously a positive trait!

正確范例: The sun is wonderful: it produces light, which plants need to survive; it gives us warmth, which is useful for most life; and it makes a sad day happier, which is obviously a positive trait!

*若只使用逗號(hào)，則無法清楚的表明陳列的項(xiàng)目是什么。因此，要善用冒號(hào)用來分開包含逗號(hào)的項(xiàng)目。

英文寫作中如何使用破折號(hào)(Dashes)

破折號(hào)應(yīng)可被視為用途最多樣的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，但是，如同分號(hào)，破折號(hào)在很多文章中都并未被適當(dāng)活用。在許多情況下，破折號(hào)可以被當(dāng)作逗號(hào)、括號(hào)或是冒號(hào)使用，但卻可以帶來細(xì)微的差異。

使用破折號(hào)替代逗號(hào)

當(dāng)寫到插入語時(shí)，前后各使用一個(gè)破折號(hào)可以代替逗號(hào)，破折號(hào)更有強(qiáng)調(diào)之意，讓讀者能更加集中在破折號(hào)中提到的訊息。

使用逗號(hào)導(dǎo)入插入語:

And so, when the baby was born in June, nearly two months premature, the parents were happy but quite nervous, and they still had to buy all of the baby supplies .

使用破折號(hào)導(dǎo)入插入語:

And so, when the baby was born in June—nearly two months premature—the parents were happy but quite nervous, and they still had to buy all of the baby supplies .

(*破折號(hào)強(qiáng)調(diào)”baby was premature”的重點(diǎn)，表現(xiàn)出此內(nèi)容在句中的重要性)

使用破折號(hào)替代括號(hào)

前后各使用一個(gè)破折號(hào)可代替括號(hào)，因?yàn)槠普厶?hào)較為非正式，因此在學(xué)術(shù)英文中較少出現(xiàn)。但是，使用破折號(hào)可較明顯的將句子中斷，因此也更能強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容。

當(dāng)使用破折號(hào)代替括號(hào)時(shí)，原來接在括號(hào)后的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)應(yīng)刪除：

使用括號(hào)：After taking all of his final exams (including seven essays and three multiple choice tests), David just wanted to sleep.

使用破折號(hào)：After taking all of his final exams—including seven essays and three multiple choice tests—David just wanted to sleep.

*破折號(hào)較為顯而易見，因此較能有效地中斷句子并吸引讀者注意。

若為在句子的最后選擇使用破折號(hào)代替括號(hào)，則只需要使用一個(gè)破折號(hào)(而非前后各一)

使用括弧: That coffee shop offers a selection of exotic gourmet coffee (or at least that is how they describe it).

使用破折號(hào): That coffee shop offers a selection of exotic gourmet coffee—or at least that is how they describe it.

*The dash seems to work especially well when placed at the end of a sentence—it extends the sentence like an addendum .

大家覺得看了這篇內(nèi)容有沒有對(duì)于相關(guān)問題有了豁然開朗的感覺，如果你已經(jīng)清楚明白了相關(guān)知識(shí)內(nèi)容，希望大家能夠更好的學(xué)習(xí)英語知識(shí)，當(dāng)然還需要自身的努力與正確的方法。希望大家都能在學(xué)習(xí)的路上，走得更遠(yuǎn)，獲得更多的成就。