六級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)：長(zhǎng)城
長(zhǎng)城是世界上最偉大的奇跡之一，1987年被列為聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界文化遺產(chǎn)。1 它宛如一條巨龍， 蜿蜒曲折， 穿越草地、沙漠和高山， 自西向東綿延8,851.8公里（明長(zhǎng)城）。2 經(jīng)過(guò)兩千多年的滄桑，長(zhǎng)城部分城墻已經(jīng)被毀或湮滅。3 但是，由于它建筑雄偉，歷史悠久，長(zhǎng)城現(xiàn)今依然是世界上最具吸引力的景點(diǎn)之一。長(zhǎng)城始建于春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期的燕、趙、秦等國(guó)，作為防御工事。秦始皇將各段城墻連接起來(lái)，抵御北方部落的侵襲。4 從那時(shí)起，長(zhǎng)城就成為中華民族的一道豐碑，此后歷朝歷代都在不斷擴(kuò)建和修繕。5 今天我們看到的長(zhǎng)城主要建于明代。長(zhǎng)城承載著豐富的中國(guó)文化，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人民的智慧和頑強(qiáng)。長(zhǎng)城與黃河、長(zhǎng)江一起，成為了中華民族的象征。

參考譯文：
The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was listed as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site in 1987. Like a giant dragon, the Great Wall winds its way across grasslands, deserts and mountains, stretching approximately 8,851.8 kilometers (the Ming walls) from west to east of China. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some of the sections are now in ruins or have disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions all around the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance. The Great Wall was originally built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period as a defensive project by states including Yan, Zhao, and Qin. Emperor Qinshihuang, founder of the first unified empire in Chinese history, succeeded in his effort to have the walls joined together to fend off the invasions from tribes in the north. Since then, the Great Wall has served as a monument of the Chinese nation. It went through constant extensions and repairs in later dynasties. The Great Wall we see today was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. The Great Wall carries a considerable part of Chinese culture and demonstrates the wisdom and tenacity of the Chinese people. It has become a symbol of the Chinese nation along with the Yellow River and the Yangtze River.

翻譯簡(jiǎn)析
1 原文對(duì)主語(yǔ)“長(zhǎng)城”的說(shuō)明包含兩個(gè)部分，其中前者為次要信息，后者為主要信息。因此在翻譯時(shí)沒(méi)有將二者譯為并列成分，而是將前者譯為同位語(yǔ)。?
2 本句在結(jié)構(gòu)上與第一句相仿，譯文重點(diǎn)突出長(zhǎng)城的“蜿蜒曲折”，譯為句子的核心winds its way，其他內(nèi)容則譯為狀語(yǔ)。原文的動(dòng)詞“穿越”譯為介詞across，這種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換在翻譯中比較常見(jiàn)。
3 “兩千多年的滄?！敝饕搁L(zhǎng)城歷史悠久，因而譯作a history of more than 2,000 years。漢語(yǔ)中有些詞意蘊(yùn)豐富，難以緊扣字面意思譯成英文，翻譯過(guò)程中應(yīng)重點(diǎn)挖掘其背后信息，重在達(dá)意，不宜過(guò)分追求詞藻，舍本逐末。
4 本句中的“秦始皇”，譯文先用音譯，然后用一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)作說(shuō)明，便于外國(guó)讀者理解其背后的文化信息。
5 原文雖是一句，但有兩層意思，所以分譯成兩句。