不定式

不定式的全稱是“動詞不定式”，是一種非限定動詞，由不定式符號to+動詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式具有動詞的特征，同時也有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。 動詞不定式在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語，還可用在復合結(jié)構(gòu)中，而且有完成式、進行式、完成進行式和否定形式。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。

1) It was a great achievement _______________(10個月建成一棟24層的樓).

2) It is necessary _______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).

3) It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災區(qū)人民).

4) The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學生).

5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).

6) The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).

7) We _______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).

8) He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學做學生會主席).

9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們在課堂上學到的東西應用于實踐).

10) The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們在露天放電影的計劃).

參考答案

1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

考點：不定式作主語時常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面

2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

考點：有時用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時整句的謂語描述的對象是事情，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等

3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

考點：有時用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時整句的謂語描述的對象是人，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等

4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

考點：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not

能帶不定式作賓語的動詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish

5) whether to visit their son in France

考點：“疑問詞+不定式”作動詞wonder的賓語。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等

6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

考點：不定式作賓語補語

7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

考點：同上

(能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補語的動詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動詞后面的不定式不帶to)

8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

考點：動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語

9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

考點：不定式作定語

不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,intention,need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等

10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

考點：同上

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