1. Hundreds of genes spring to life after you die - and they keep functioning for up to four days. Together with an unexplained case in March that recorded brain activity in a corpse up to 10 minutes after death, we're starting to realise that death as we know it still retains some strange signs of life.
在你死后，數(shù)以百計(jì)的基因會(huì)突然活躍起來(lái)，而且還會(huì)繼續(xù)活動(dòng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)4天。3月份的一個(gè)實(shí)例表明，在人死后，尸體的大腦還會(huì)活動(dòng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)10分鐘，連同這個(gè)無(wú)法解釋的實(shí)例，我們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到我們所了解的死亡依然保有一些奇怪的生命跡象。

2. Livers grow by almost half during waking hours. New research suggests that livers have the capacity to grow by almost 50 percent during the day, before shrinking back to their original size at night. They are the only organ we know of that oscillate this way.
在你醒著的時(shí)候，肝可以擴(kuò)大將近一半。新的研究指出，在白天的時(shí)候，肝有能力擴(kuò)大近50%，然后在夜間則會(huì)縮回到原始尺寸。肝是我們所知道到的唯一一個(gè)可以這樣變化的器官。

3. The root cause of eczema has finally been identified. Scientists have tracked down a series of proteins and molecular pathways that lead to this insufferable skin problem, revealing that the protein filaggrin isn't the sole culprit we thought it was.
濕疹的根本原因最終得到確認(rèn)。科學(xué)家查到了一系列蛋白質(zhì)和分子引起這種令人難以忍受的皮膚問(wèn)題的途徑，并指出絲聚合蛋白并非唯一的禍?zhǔn)祝覀冞^(guò)去卻是這樣認(rèn)為的。

4. We were wrong - the testes are connected to the immune system after all. Researchers have discovered a "very small door" that allows the testes to send one-way signals to the immune system, and it could explain why some men struggle with infertility, and why certain cancer vaccines keep failing.
我們錯(cuò)了——最終睪丸還是與免疫系統(tǒng)有關(guān)聯(lián)的。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了“一扇非常小的門”使睪丸可以向免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)送單向信號(hào)，這解釋了為什么一些男性會(huì)被不孕癥所困擾，也解釋了某些癌癥疫苗一直失敗的原因。

5. The causes of hair loss and greying are linked, and for the first time, scientists have identified the cells responsible.
脫發(fā)和頭發(fā)變白的原因是相關(guān)的，科學(xué)家首次確認(rèn)了對(duì)此負(fù)有責(zé)任的細(xì)胞。

6. A brand new human organ has been classified. Researchers have given the nod to the mesentery - an organ that's been hiding in plain sight in our digestive system this whole time. But that's only half the story, because we're still not sure exactly what it does.
一種全新的器官被歸類了。研究人員同意為腸系膜歸類，這種器官顯然一直隱藏在我們的消化系統(tǒng)中。但這只是其中的一方面，因?yàn)槲覀冞€不確定它到底是什么。

7. An unexpected new lung function has been found. Researchers have found that lungs don't just facilitate respiration - they also play a key role in blood production, with the ability to produce more than 10 million platelets (tiny blood cells) per hour. That equates to the majority of platelets in circulation at any given moment.
肺的一項(xiàng)意外功能被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)肺不僅僅能促進(jìn)呼吸作用，在造血方面也起關(guān)鍵作用，肺每小時(shí)能制造1000多萬(wàn)血小板（微小的血細(xì)胞），這相當(dāng)于任何特定時(shí)刻循環(huán)中的血小板的大多數(shù)。

8. Your appendix might not be a useless evolutionary byproduct after all. Unlike your wisdom teeth, your appendix might actually be serving an important biological function - and one that our species isn't ready to give up just yet.
你的闌尾終究可能不是一個(gè)無(wú)用的進(jìn)化副產(chǎn)物。你的闌尾不像智齒那樣，事實(shí)上它可能發(fā)揮著重要的生物學(xué)功能，恰好現(xiàn)在人類還沒(méi)準(zhǔn)備好放棄闌尾的這種功能。

9. The brain literally starts eating itself when it doesn't get enough sleep. Chronic sleep deprivation causes the 'clearing' process that usually happens when we sleep to kick into hyperdrive, prompting the brain to clear a huge amount of neurons and synaptic connections away.
當(dāng)大腦沒(méi)有得到充分休眠時(shí)，它確實(shí)就開(kāi)始自噬了。在我們睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，“清除”程序通常就會(huì)啟動(dòng)，但長(zhǎng)期缺乏睡眠會(huì)使該程序處于高速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)，促使大腦清除大量神經(jīng)元連接和突觸連接。

10. Neuroscientists have discovered a whole new role for the brain's cerebellum. It's long been assumed that the cerebellum functions largely outside the realm of conscious awareness, coordinating basic physical activities like standing and breathing, but it could actually play a key role in shaping human behaviour.
神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了小腦的一項(xiàng)全新功能。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)人們一直認(rèn)為小腦基本上與意識(shí)直覺(jué)等活動(dòng)無(wú)關(guān)，它的主要作用是協(xié)調(diào)站立、呼吸等基本的身體活動(dòng)，然而，實(shí)際上小腦在影響人類行為上也發(fā)揮著重要作用。

11. Our gut bacteria are messing with us in ways we could never have imagined. New research has revealed that neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's might actually start out in the gut, rather than the brain, and there's mounting evidence that the human microbiome could be to blame for chronic fatigue syndrome. With gut bacteria showing signs of controlling our appetite, changing our brain structure, and triggering brain lesions that could lead to strokes, our tiny passengers are a force to be reckoned with.
腸道細(xì)菌正以我們想像不到的方式干擾著我們。新的研究指出，像帕金森綜合癥等神經(jīng)退行性疾病實(shí)際上可能始于腸道，而不是大腦。越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)顯示，慢性疲勞綜合征可能要?dú)w咎于人體內(nèi)的微生物群系。隨著腸道細(xì)菌顯示出控制食欲以及改變大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的跡象，而且有引起大腦損傷而導(dǎo)致中風(fēng)的表現(xiàn)，我們的這個(gè)小過(guò)客（腸道細(xì)菌）有著不容忽視的力量。

（翻譯：Dlacus）

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