Whether it's your sibling, best friend, parent or even your boss, you've called someone stupid at some point in your life. But how do we even define "stupid" behavior, and what can we do to avoid acting stupidly?
生活中有時候你會說某個人很蠢，不管這個人是你的兄弟姐妹、最好的朋友、父母、甚至是你的老板。但是我們?nèi)绾味x“愚蠢”的行為呢，我們要怎樣做才能不做蠢事呢？

A new study offers a scientific answer.
一項(xiàng)新研究為我們提供了科學(xué)的答案。

"Although calling something stupid is a frequent everyday behavior," Balázs Aczél, a psychology professor at Eotvos Lorand University in?Budapest?and a co-author of the study, told The Huffington Post in an email, "there has been no psychological study to understand why and when people use this label to describe the observed actions."
布達(dá)佩斯羅蘭大學(xué)教授兼該項(xiàng)研究聯(lián)合研究員Balázs Aczél通過一封郵件告訴《赫芬頓郵報》稱：“盡管人們經(jīng)常說某些東西很蠢，但歷史上從未有過心理學(xué)研究表明人們?yōu)槭裁础⒃谑裁磿r候會用此標(biāo)簽來描述所觀察到的行為。”

The researchers found that, despite the ambiguous definition of "stupid," there was a 90 percent rate of agreement between participants in which actions were seen as stupid. The researchers also noticed that there were three different types of behaviors, which were most often deemed as stupid.
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管人們對“愚蠢”的定義很模糊，研究參與對象之間就評定愚蠢行為這一方面達(dá)成了90%的一致性。研究人員還注意到有三種不同類型的行為最常被看作為是愚蠢的。

"In our statistical analysis of the data we found that people regard stupid action in three different categories: (1) violations of maintaining a balance between confidence and abilities; (2) failures of attention; and (3) lack of control,"Aczél said.
Aczél稱：“通過對統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)人們通常認(rèn)為以下三個不同類別的行為是愚蠢的：（1）、無法做到自信與能力之間的平衡；（2）、注意力不集中；（3）、自制力不強(qiáng)?！?/div>

Here are examples of the three categories:
以下是這三個類別的例證：

1. Overconfidence
1、自負(fù)

Aczél described it as "confident ignorance," or when someone is overconfident about their ability to do something. An example of this behavior is when a driver refuses to ask for directions, and might end up lost.
Aczél稱之為“自信的無知”，或是當(dāng)一個人對自己做事能力的過度自信。這一行為的一個例子就是司機(jī)開車不問路而最后卻迷路了。

2. Lack of control
2、缺乏控制力

A lack of willpower or control might be when your friend is on a diet but buys cookies in the grocery store "just in case."
意志力或控制力不強(qiáng)可能指的是你的朋友在節(jié)食減肥，但還是在小賣部買了餅干“以防萬一”。

3. Absent-mindedness
3、注意力不集中

Absent-minded behavior could be described as when someone who buys a car doesn't know how to change the oil, and thus, the vehicle breaks down on the side of the road.
心不在焉的例子可以表述為某人買了輛車卻不知道怎樣加油，如此一來，車子在半路上就拋錨了。

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