滬江英語教研課堂:英語語法之主語從句
上一期滬江英語教研課堂向大家介紹了英語語法從句體系,本期語法講解將為大家重點介紹主語從句,先來回顧從句的體系吧。
上期文章中,我們已經(jīng)知道,從句由名詞性從句,形容詞性從句和副詞性從句三大句型構(gòu)成。同時,我們還了解到名詞從句的構(gòu)成:
那么,名詞從句中的四個分支句型,具體又是怎樣應(yīng)用的呢?在接下來的滬江英語教研課堂中,我們將帶領(lǐng)大家逐一揭開他們的神秘面紗。本期文章就讓我們一起走進主語從句吧!
主語從句(Subject Clause)
主語從句,顧名思義,就是從句做主語。主語從句主要分為三類:
1. that引導(dǎo)的主語從句
“that”引導(dǎo)的主語從句可以放在句首,例如:
(1)That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
海洋被過度捕撈,許多年來已經(jīng)是人盡皆知的事情了。
但更為常見的是:用it作形式主語放在句首,that主語從句放在句末。
常見的主語從句的句型有:
a. It+be動詞+過去分詞+that從句
例如:
(2)As a child — and as an adult as well— Bill Gates was untidy. It has been said that in order to counteract this, Mary drew up weekly clothing plans for him.
童年時期,以及即使長大后,比爾·蓋茨也不修邊幅。據(jù)說為了改掉他的這個毛病,瑪麗為他制定了一周著裝計劃。
(3)It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education.
在美國人們普遍認(rèn)為,學(xué)校是人們接受教育的場所。
b.It+be動詞+形容詞+that從句
例如:
(4)Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.
幸好白宮已經(jīng)注意到全球變暖的問題。但是很顯然,總統(tǒng)周圍大多數(shù)顧問仍然沒有認(rèn)真對待該問題。
(5)It is necessary that we should master a foreign language.
我們很有必要掌握一門外語。
c. It +be動詞+名詞短語+that從句
例如:
(6)It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.
事實證明,如果把工廠的機器漆成橘黃色而不是黑色或灰色,工人就會干得更勤奮、更出色,事故也會更少。
(7)It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.
一個眾所周知的事實是,一個單身漢若是非常有錢,那么他一定想要找個妻子。
c. It+不及物動詞+that從句
通篇瀏覽下來,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)“it作形式主語放在句首,that主語從句放在句末”這樣的句式還是很豐富地,他們的用法你能區(qū)別開嗎? 做個練習(xí)試試看吧!
1. _____ hard water does not mix well with soap.
A. That is a well-known fact B. That is a well-known fact in which
C. It is a well-known fact that D. It is a well-known that
答案:C
解析:本題考查主語從句“It is+名詞+that”
譯文:眾所周知,硬水和肥皂不能較好地融合。
2. _____ I have made no arrangements to deal with such cases.
A. It appear that B. That appears C. They appear that D. It appears that
答案:D
解析:本題考查主語從句。
譯文:似乎我并沒有被安排處理這類案件。
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