完全倒裝:?又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

例如：

Here comes the bus!

部分倒裝:?指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。部分倒裝的情況比較多，這里介紹兩個(gè)在翻譯中經(jīng)常使用的部分倒裝用法：

1.?only +狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。

例1:

Only in this way can you solve this problem.

只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

2. not, not until…?，hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also) , neither… nor等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,?句子用部分倒裝。

例子:

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

我剛到家就下起了雨。

Seldom do I go to work by bus.

我很少乘公共汽車上班。

Neither Peter wanted the responsibility, nor did his wife.

Peter不想承擔(dān)責(zé)任，他妻子也不想。

真題示例：

例1：

The manager never laughed；neither __________(她也從來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)過(guò)脾氣).

①易錯(cuò)按漢語(yǔ)意思譯為：she never lose her temper

②易錯(cuò)原因：不熟悉neither已經(jīng)表達(dá)了沒(méi)有的意思，不知道neither應(yīng)跟一個(gè)倒裝句

此題答案為：did she lose her temper

例2：

The witness was told that under no circumstances __________(他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說(shuō)謊).

分析：under no circumstances中否定詞no放句首，謂語(yǔ)必須部分倒裝

tell lie：撒謊 法庭：court

should he lie to the court / tell lies to the court

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

1. If you don’t go to his birthday party next Friday, ?__________.

A. so do I??? ?????????????? B. so will I ??????????????????????? C. nor do I ????????????????? D. nor will I

2. By no means?__________?to our plan for the trip.

A. will she agree ?? B. she will agree ???? C. agrees she ?????????????? D. will agree she

3. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. __________, she must have made the party more exciting.

A. If she came ??????????? B. Would she come ??C. Had she come ??D. Did she come

4. I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven. __________ that he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.

A. Then did I know ?????????? B. Only then I knew ?

C. Only then did I know ???? D. Only then knew I

5. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV, but __________.

A. a little did he hear? ?B. little did he hear ??C. little heard he ??D. a little heard he

6. During the war,?__________ but also he lost his wife and his child.

A. not was his job in the lab taken away???? ????B. not only was his job in the lab taken away

C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away ?D. not just was taken away his job in the lab

7. I think this is the first time that we have met. __________?anywhere.

A. Before have we never seen each other ??B. Never before we have seen each other

C. Each other have we seen never before ???D. Never before have we seen each other

8. __________?these ancient buildings in this city are!

A. What perfectly protected ??B. How perfect protected

C. How perfectly protected?? D. What perfect protected

9.We have been on duty for four hours and?__________.

A. now comes your turn ?B. now does your turn come

C. now your turn comes? ?D. comes now your turn

10. __________?when we passed by its nest.

A. Up into the blue sky did the bird fly???? ?B. Up into the blue sky the bird flew

C. Up into the blue sky flew the bird ????????D. Flew up into the blue sky the bird

答案及解析：

1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C 5.B 6.B7.D 8.C .9.A 10.C

1. nor will I＝I will not go to his birthday party next Friday, either. if 引導(dǎo)說(shuō)明將來(lái)情況的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

2. 表示否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子的主謂部分倒裝。這樣的介詞短語(yǔ)有：by no means, at no time, in no way, not in the least等。

3. Had she come＝If she had come。if引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件狀語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中或非正式場(chǎng)合可以把if省略掉而改用部分倒裝。

4. only修飾句子的狀語(yǔ)（副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句）位于句首時(shí)，句子的主謂部分倒裝。

5. 具有否定意義的副詞如：little, seldom, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely等位于句首時(shí)，句子的主謂部分倒裝。

6. not only...but also連接兩個(gè)并列分句，且not only位于句首時(shí)，該分句主謂部分倒裝。

7. 否定副詞never before提前到句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。

8. 句子中perfectly protected相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語(yǔ)，因此感嘆詞用how。

9. 時(shí)間副詞now／then置于句首，其謂語(yǔ)又是come, go, begin等，這時(shí)應(yīng)該用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序。

10. 表示方位的副詞及介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，名詞作句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子的主謂用全部倒裝。

提醒：滬江四六級(jí)將考后放出2012年12月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)答案及真題下載