請看下面一道題：He likes living alone, and says that he wants to go and live in a place _________ nobody knows.
A. where??????????????????????? B. that??????????????????????? C. when????????????????????? bsp;?? D. what

有的同學(xué)一看到 place 是表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞，于是就毫不猶豫地選了A，但是錯(cuò)了，最佳答案應(yīng)是B。表示“地點(diǎn)”的名詞后到底是用 where 還是用 where that 或 which 來引導(dǎo)定語從句，原則上應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：
一是看關(guān)系詞的句法功能。由于 where 是關(guān)系副詞，它在定語從句中用作狀語，而that 和 which 是關(guān)系代詞，它們在定語從句中用作主語或賓語。所以區(qū)別是關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)鍵就是看定語從句是否缺主語或賓語，若缺主語或賓語則用關(guān)系代詞，若不缺主語或賓語則用關(guān)系副詞。比較：

(1) This is the room ________
A. that??????????????????????? B. where??????????????????????? C. who??????????????????????? D. what

(2) This is the room _________I lived in ten years ago.
A. that??????????????????????? B. where??????????????????????? C. who??????????????????????? D. what

(3) This is the room _________I bought ten years ago.
A. that??????????????????????? B. where??????????????????????? C. who??????????????????????? D. what

(4) This is the room _________I visited ten years ago.
A. that??????????????????????? B. where??????????????????????? C. who??????????????????????? D. what

(5) This is the room _________I was born ten years ago.
A. that??????????????????????? B. where??????????????????????? C. who??????????????????????? D. what

第(1)題選B，因?yàn)?live 是不及物動(dòng)詞，它無需接賓語；第(2)題選A，因?yàn)殡m然 live 不及物，但live in 卻是及物，它應(yīng)有自己的賓語；第(3)(4)題也應(yīng)選A，因?yàn)?buy 和 visit均為及物動(dòng)詞，它們應(yīng)有自己的和(5)應(yīng)選B，因?yàn)?be born 無需有自己的賓語。二要看句意。一般說來，句子是否缺賓語，主要是看定語從句中的動(dòng)詞是否為及物動(dòng)詞或帶有介詞等，但問題是有些動(dòng)詞既可用作及物動(dòng)詞，又可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，它是否需要帶賓語則要視句意而定。比較：This is the school where I studied five years ago. 這是我五年前讀過書的學(xué)校。（句中 study 用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為 study “學(xué)習(xí)”或“讀書”）This is the school that I studied five years ago. 這是我五年前研究過的那所學(xué)校。(句中 study 為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“研究”)

現(xiàn)在我們回到上面的試題來看一看，從理論上說，動(dòng)詞 know 可用作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞，也就是說它可以帶賓語也可以不帶賓語。但根據(jù)本句的意思（“他喜歡一個(gè)人生活，并說他要去一個(gè)沒有知道的地方”），know 應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)閺恼Z意上它要帶 place 作其賓語。

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