2008年高考英語增補(bǔ)詞匯240個(附詳解)
?與往年的考綱詞匯相比,2008年的高考英語考綱詞匯又有所增加,并且增加的數(shù)量達(dá)到了240個之多。為幫助同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)備考,我們特地將這新增的240個詞匯注上了音標(biāo)、給出了詞義和例句,同時(shí)還根據(jù)各個詞匯的用法特點(diǎn)給出了“用法”“說明”“注意”“考點(diǎn)”“辨析”“比較”“聯(lián)想”等,希望對同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)備考有所幫助!
Aabsence[5AbsEns] n.
1. [C,U]缺席;不在場:I soon noticed his absence from the lecture. 我很快便察覺到他缺課。
2.[U]缺乏;沒有:the absence of definite proof 缺乏確鑿的證據(jù)缺乏確鑿的證據(jù)
【用法】1.通常為不可數(shù)名詞,但表示缺席或離開的次數(shù)或時(shí)間時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞:after an absence of three months 在離開3個月后
2.表示做某事缺席,其后通常接介詞 from:His absence from school was caused by illness. 他缺課是因?yàn)樯 ?br>3.比較后接介詞from和in的區(qū)別:Nothing happened during his absence from America. 在他離開美國期間,沒有發(fā)生什么。/ Nothing happened during his absence in America. 當(dāng)他不在此地而在美國的期間,沒有發(fā)生什么。
absent[5AbsEnt] adj.
1.缺席的;不在場的:How many students are absent (from class) today? 今天有多少學(xué)生缺席?
2.漫不經(jīng)心的;心不在焉的;茫然的:an absent stare 心不在焉的呆視
【用法】1. 用作形容詞,可表示“缺席的”;要表示“做某事缺席”,其后常接介詞 from:Several students were absent from class today. 今天有幾個學(xué)生上課缺席。有時(shí)根據(jù)不同的語境,也可能使用不同的介詞:He’s absent in Beijing. 他外出了,現(xiàn)在北京。
2. 用作形容詞,有時(shí)表示“心不在焉,茫然的”等,通常只用作定語:She had an absent look on her face. 她臉上露出茫然的神色。她臉上露出茫然的神色?!究键c(diǎn)】So many directors ______, the board meeting had to be put off.?? A. were absent??????? B. been absent???? C. had been absent? D. being absent? 答案為 D。句意為:因?yàn)橛性S多董事缺席,董事會議只好推遲。填空處為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。全句謂語為had to be put off。句意為:因?yàn)?,由于逗號前后兩部分之間沒有連接詞,所以逗號前面的結(jié)構(gòu)不能用完整謂語,而要用非謂語形式。
abuse[E5bju:z] vt.
1.濫用:It’s important not to abuse your position. 重要的是不要濫用你的地位。
2. 虐待:to abuse a horse 虐待一匹馬to abuse a horse n. [C,U]濫用:an abuse of authority 職權(quán)的濫用
【考點(diǎn)】It has been revealed that some government leaders _____ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.????
A. employ??????? B. take???????? C. abuse???????? B. D. overlook??
答案為C。句意為:據(jù)透露,一些政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)濫用職權(quán),非法謀利。比較:employ 雇用;take 拿,帶;abuse 濫用;overlook 俯瞰,遠(yuǎn)眺。N
.1.[U]住處,辦公處,停留處,招待設(shè)備:The price of your holiday includes your hotel accommodation. 你度假的價(jià)格包括了你的旅館住宿費(fèi)用。
2.[C, pl.]住處,膳宿:He has several overnight accommodations. 他有好幾處過夜的住處。
【用法】在英國英語中不可數(shù),在美國英語中通常用復(fù)數(shù),但不能與不定冠詞連用。ache[eIk] vi.
1.疼痛:His legs ached after playing footb; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-foall for two hours. 踢了兩個小時(shí)足球后,他感到腿痛。
2. 渴望:She is aching to go abroad. 她一直渴望到各國外去。n.[C,U]痛,疼痛:He has an ache in the back. 他的背痛。
【辨析】ache與pain:
1. ache 主要指肉體局部持續(xù)的疼痛或隱痛:My back aches terribly. 我背痛得厲害。而 pain 是一般用語,可指輕微的痛或劇烈的痛,可指局部的痛或全身的痛,可指持續(xù)的痛或突發(fā)的痛等:The death of his father gave him much pain. 他父親的死使他很悲痛。
2. 他父親的死使他很悲痛。由于 ache 常用于指局部的持續(xù)性疼痛,所以它常與某些表示身體部位的詞構(gòu)成合成詞,表示身體的某處疼痛(此時(shí)通常不用 pain):headache(頭痛),toothache(牙痛)等。
?acid[5AsId ] '; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> ] Is an apple an acid fruit? 蘋果是酸味水果嗎? / Her remarks were rather acid. 她的話有些尖酸刻薄。n.[U,C]酸,含有酸味的東西
acre[5eIk[] n.
1.[C]英畝,田地:The playground has an area of about five acres. 這操場的面積約為五英畝。
2.[C][復(fù)]土地,地產(chǎn):The rolling acres of farm land are very beautiful. 這些起伏不平的廣闊田地真美。
afterwards adv.
后來,然后:Let’s eat first and go to the theater afterwards. 咱們先去吃飯,然后再去看戲。
airplane[5eEpleIn] n. [C](美)飛機(jī):The airplane took off on time. 飛機(jī)準(zhǔn)時(shí)起飛。alarm[E5lB:m] n.
1. [C]警報(bào);警報(bào)裝置:give the alarm 發(fā)出警報(bào) / He sounded the alarm. 他鳴警報(bào)。
2. [C]鬧鐘(= alarm clock):What time shall I set the alarm for? 我該把鬧鐘撥到幾點(diǎn)種響?
3. [U]驚恐,驚慌:She was struck with alarm. 她飽受驚慌。vt.使驚慌,使不安:I was quite alarmed last night at the cry of “fire”. 昨天夜里聽到“失火了”的喊聲時(shí),我十分驚慌。
◆a false alarm a false 假警報(bào) / raise (sound) the alarm發(fā)出警報(bào)album[5Alb[m] n.[C]粘貼簿(如相冊、集郵簿、簽名冊、紀(jì)念冊等),唱片集:This is my stamp album. 這是我的集郵簿。ambassador[Am5bAsEdE] n.[C]大使,使節(jié),派駐國際組織的代表:The ambassador made forceful representations to the White House. 該大使向白宮提出了強(qiáng)烈抗議。
【用法】表示駐某國大使,其后通常接介詞to:He has been appointed an ambassador to Peru. 他被任命為駐秘魯大使。若指駐某地大使,則用介詞in或at:the British ambassador in [at] Washington 英國駐華盛頓大使man'; mso-bidi-font-size: British ambassador in [at]
【聯(lián)想】embassy 大使館 / ambassadress 女大使
amusement n.
1.[U]開心,愉快:I listened in amusement. 我聽得十分開心。
2.[C]娛樂(活動),消遣(方式):There were a lot of amusements in big cities. 大城市有許多娛樂(活動)。annual[5Anju[l] adj.每年的,年度的,一年生的:What is your annual income? 你的全年收入有多少?ant[Ant] n. [C]螞蟻:an army ofan'">螞蟻一大群螞蟻
appointment n.
1.[C,U]約會,約定:make (fix) an appointment with sb 與某人約會 / I’m afraid I won’t be able to keep our appointment on Monday. 對不起,星期一我不能赴約了。
2.[C]職位,職務(wù):get a good appointment 獲得一個好職位
3. [C,U]委任,選派:The following appointments have been made at the Ministry of National Defense. 國防部作出如下任命。
arithmetic n.
[U]算術(shù),計(jì)算:business arithmetic 商業(yè)算術(shù) / He is good at arithmetic. 他擅長算術(shù)。
聯(lián)想】geometry[dVI5CmItrI] 幾何 / algebra[5AldVIbrE] 代數(shù) / function[5fQNkFn] 函數(shù) / calculous[5kAlkjJlEs] 微積oman'; mso-bidi-分(學(xué))
arrow n.
1. [C]箭:Time flies like an arrow. 光陰似箭。
2. [C]箭頭:direction arrows 方向箭頭ashamed[E5FeImd] adj.慚愧;害臊:Are you ashamed for having lied? 你為撒了謊感到害臊嗎? / I am ashamed for you. 我替你感到羞愧。/ You should be ashamed of your behavior. 你應(yīng)該為你的行為感到羞愧。
【辨析】ashamed與shameful:ashamed 意為“感到羞恥的”,shameful 意為“可恥的”、“丟臉的”:You should be ashamed of doing that. 你應(yīng)該為自己做那樣的事感到羞恥。It was shameful of them to surrender.
aside adv.在旁邊;向旁邊:Stand aside and let these people pass. 靠邊站,讓這些人過去。n.[C](戲劇中的)旁白;獨(dú)白
◆aside from
(1)除…之外(別無):Nobody, aside from him, could answer this question. 除他外,沒人能回答這個問題。
(2)除…之外(尚有):Aside from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 除了是樂趣和有益的鍛煉外,游泳還是一種很有用的技能。(3)游泳除…外,如果不考慮:Aside from the rainy weather, our vacation was fun. 除了天氣陰雨外,我們的假期還是玩得很高興的。
【說明】aside from為美國英語,在英國英語中用apart from代之。
astronomy n.
[U]天文學(xué):I’m very interested in astronomy. 我對天文學(xué)很感興趣。
atom n.
1.[C]原子:Water is made up of atoms of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是氫和氧的原子構(gòu)成的。/ Everything on the earth is made up of atoms. 地球上的每一種東西都是由原子構(gòu)成的。
2.[C]微粒,微量:There is not an atom of truth in what he said. 他所說的話沒有絲毫真實(shí)性。/ There is not an atom of truth in the rumour. 這謠言一點(diǎn)也不真實(shí)。atomic[E5tCmIk] a.原子的,原子能的,原子武器的
automatic a.
1.自動的,機(jī)械的:an automatic washing-machine 自動洗衣機(jī) / automatic alarm 自動報(bào)警 / The heating system in the hotel has an automatic temperature control. 旅館里的取暖系統(tǒng)是自動調(diào)溫的。
2.不假思索的,無意識的:She knew the lesson so well that her answers were automatic. 她對這一課極為熟悉,可不假思索地隨口回答問題。/ Most of our movements are automatic. 我們?nèi)梭w的大部分動作都是無意識的。
3.必然的,自然的:A fine for this offence is automatic. 對于這種過失,罰款是必然的。
avenue n.
1. [C](城市的)林陰路,大街:an avenue of poplars 白楊樹的林陰大道
2.[C]方法;途徑:Several avenues are open to us. 我們面前有幾條可行之路。