中華人民共和國文物保護法(1)
中華人民共和國文物保護法
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Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics
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第一條 為了加強國家對文物的保護，有利于開展科學研究工作，繼承我國優(yōu)秀的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)，進行愛國主義和革命傳統(tǒng)教育，建設社會主義精神文明，特制定本法。
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Article 1 This Law is formulated with a view to strengthening state protection of cultural relics, contributing to the development of scientific research, inheriting the splendid historical and cultural legacy of our nation, conducting education in patriotism and in the revolutionary tradition, and building a socialist society with an advanced culture and ideology.
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第二條 在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)，下列具有歷史、藝術、科學價值的文物，受國家保護：
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Article 2 The state shall place under its protection, within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China, the following cultural relics of historical, artistic or scientific value:
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?。ㄒ唬┚哂袣v史、藝術、科學價值的古文化遺址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺和石刻；
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(1) sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples and stone carvings that are of historical, artistic or scientific value;
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?。ǘ┡c重大歷史事件、革命運動和著名人物有關的，具有重要紀念意義、教育意義和史料價值的建筑物、遺址、紀念物；
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(2) buildings, memorial sites and memorial objects related to major historical events, revolutionary movements or famous people that are highly memorable or are of great significance for education or for the preservation of historical data;
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?。ㄈv史上各時代珍貴的藝術品、工藝美術品；
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(3) valuable works of art and handicraft articles dating from various historical periods;
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（四）重要的革命文獻資料以及具有歷史、藝術、科學價值的手稿、 古舊圖書資料等；
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(4) important revolutionary documents as well as manuscripts and ancient or old books and materials, etc., that are of historical, artistic or scientific value; and
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（五）反映歷史上各時代、各民族社會制度、社會生產(chǎn)、社會生活的代表性實物。
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(5) typical material objects reflecting the social system, social production or the life of various nationalities in different historical periods.
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文物鑒定的標準和辦法由國家文化行政管理部門制定，并報國務院批準。
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The criteria and measures for the verification of cultural relics shall be formulated by the state department for cultural administration, which shall report them to the State Council for approval.
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具有科學價值的古脊椎動物化石和古人類化石同文物一樣受國家的保護。
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Fossils of paleovertebrates and paleoanthropoids of scientific value shall be protected by the state in the same way as cultural relics.
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第三條 國家文化行政管理部門主管全國文物工作。
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Article 3 The state department for cultural administration shall take charge of the work concerning cultural relics throughout the country.
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地方各級人民政府保護本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的文物。各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市和文物較多的自治州、縣、自治縣、市可以設立文物保護管理機構，管理本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的文物工作。
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Local people's governments at various levels shall place under their protection cultural relics in their respective administrative areas. Provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government as well as autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties and cities where there are relatively large amounts of cultural relics may set up organs for the protection and control of the cultural relics within their respective administrative areas.
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一切機關、組織和個人都有保護國家文物的義務。
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All government organs, public organizations and individuals have the obligation to protect the country's cultural relics.
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第四條 中華人民共和國境內(nèi)地下、內(nèi)水和領海中遺存的一切文物，屬于國家所有。
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Article 4 All cultural relics remaining underground or in the inland waters or territorial seas within the boundaries of the People's Republic of China shall be owned by the state.
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古文化遺址、古墓葬、石窟寺屬于國家所有。國家指定保護的紀念建筑物、古建筑、石刻等，除國家另有規(guī)定的以外，屬于國家所有。
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Sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs and cave temples shall be owned by the state. Memorial buildings, ancient architectural structures, stone carvings, etc., designated for protection by the state, unless governed by other state regulations, shall be owned by the state.
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國家機關、部隊、全民所有制企業(yè)、事業(yè)組織收藏的文物，屬于國家所有。
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Cultural relics in the collection of state organs, armed forces, enterprises owned by the whole people and public institutions shall be owned by the state.
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第五條 屬于集體所有和私人所有的紀念建筑物、古建筑和傳世文物，其所有權受國家法律的保護。文物的所有者必須遵守國家有關保護管理文物的規(guī)定。
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Article 5 Ownership of memorial buildings, ancient architectural structures and cultural relics handed down from generation to generation which belong to collectives or individuals shall be protected by state laws. Owners of the cultural relics must abide by the relevant state regulations governing the protection and control of cultural relics.
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第六條 文物保護管理經(jīng)費分別列入中央和地方的財政預算。
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Article 6 The expenses for the protection and control of cultural relics shall be listed in the budgets of the central and local governments.
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第二章 文物保護單位
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CHAPTER II SITES TO BE PROTECTED FOR THEIR HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL VALUE
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第七條 革命遺址、紀念建筑物、古文化遺址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、石刻等文物，應當根據(jù)它們的歷史、藝術、科學價值，分別確定為不同級別的文物保護單位。
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Article 7 Cultural relics, such as sites related to revolutionary history, memorial buildings, sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings, etc., shall be designated as sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at different levels according to their historical, artistic or scientific value.
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縣、自治縣、市級文物保護單位，由縣、自治縣、市人民政府核定公布，并報省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府備案。
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Sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the level of counties, autonomous counties and cities shall be approved and announced by the people's governments at the same level and reported to the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government for the record.
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省、自治區(qū)、直轄市級文物保護單位，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府核定公布，并報國務院備案。
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Sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the level of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be approved and announced by the people's governments at the same level and reported to the State Council for the record.
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國家文化行政管理部門在各級文物保護單位中，選擇具有重大歷史、藝術、科學價值的作為全國重點文物保護單位，或者直接指定全國重點文物保護單位， 報國務院核定公布。
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The state department for cultural administration shall select, from among the sites to be protected at different levels, those which have a significant historical, artistic or scientific value as major sites to be protected at the national level, or shall directly designate such sites and report them to the State Council for approval and announcement.
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第八條 保存文物特別豐富，具有重大歷史價值和革命意義的城市，由國家文化行政管理部門會同城鄉(xiāng)建設環(huán)境保護部門報國務院核定公布為歷史文化名城。
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Article 8 Cities with an unusual wealth of cultural relics of high historical value and major revolutionary significance shall be recommended to the State Council by the state department for cultural administration together with the department for urban and rural construction and environmental protection to be approved and announced as famous cities of historical and cultural value.
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第九條 各級文物保護單位，分別由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府和縣、自治縣、市人民政府劃定必要的保護范圍，作出標志說明，建立記錄檔案，并區(qū)別情況分別設置專門機構或者專人負責管理。
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Article 9 The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government and of counties, autonomous counties and cities shall delimit the necessary scope of protection, put up signs and notices, and establish records and files for the historical and cultural sites to be protected at different levels and shall, in the light of different circumstances, establish special organs or assign full-time personnel to be responsible for the administration of these sites.
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全國重點文物保護單位的保護范圍和記錄檔案，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門報國家文化行政管理部門備案。
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The scope of protection and records and files for the major sites to be protected at the national level shall be reported by the departments for cultural administration of the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government to the state department for cultural administration for the record.
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第十條 各級人民政府制定城鄉(xiāng)建設規(guī)劃時，事先要由城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃部門會同文化行政管理部門商定對本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)各級文物保護單位的保護措施，納入規(guī)劃。
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Article 10 When drawing up plans for urban and rural construction, the people's governments at various levels must see to it that protective measures for the historical and cultural sites to be protected at different levels are first worked out through consultation between the departments for urban and rural planning and the departments for cultural administration and that such measures are included in the plans.
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第十一條 文物保護單位的保護范圍內(nèi)不得進行其他建設工程。如有特殊需要，必須經(jīng)原公布的人民政府和上一級文化行政管理部門同意。
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Article 11 No additional construction project may be undertaken within the scope of protection for a historical and cultural site. In cases of a special need, consent must be obtained from the people's government which made the original announcement on the designation of such a site and from the department for cultural administration at the next higher level.
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在全國重點文物保護單位范圍內(nèi)進行其他建設工程，必須經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府和國家文化行政管理部門同意。
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If an additional construction project is to be undertaken within the scope of protection for a major historical and cultural site to be protected at the national level, consent must be obtained from the people's government of the relevant province, autonomous region, or municipality directly under the Central Government and from the state department for cultural administration.
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第十二條 根據(jù)保護文物的實際需要，經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府批準，可以在文物保護單位的周圍劃出一定的建設控制地帶。
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Article 12 On the basis of the actual needs for the protection of cultural relics and with the approval of the people's government of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government, a certain area for the control of construction may be delimited around a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value.
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在這個地帶內(nèi)修建新建筑和構筑物，不得破壞文物保護單位的環(huán)境風貌。其設計方案須征得文化行政管理部門同意后，報城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃部門批準。
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Construction of new buildings or other structures in such an area shall not deform the environmental features of the historical and cultural site. The design for construction must be agreed to by the department for cultural administration before it is submitted to the department for urban and rural planning for approval.
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第十三條 建設單位在進行選址和工程設計的時候， 因建設工程涉及文物保護單位的，應當事先會同省、自治區(qū)、直轄市或者縣、自治縣、市文化行政管理部門確定保護措施，列入設計任務書。
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Article 13 While choosing a construction site and designing a project, if the project involves a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value, the construction unit shall first work out the protective measures jointly with the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly under the Central Government or of a county, an autonomous county or a city, and such measures shall be written into the planning project description.
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因建設工程和特別需要而必須對文物保護單位進行遷移或者拆除的，應根據(jù)文物保護單位的級別，經(jīng)該級人民政府和上一級文化行政管理部門同意。
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Any removal or dismantling involving a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value, if considered specially necessary for a project, shall be agreed to by the people's government at the same level as the site itself and by the department for cultural administration at the next higher level.
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全國重點文物保護單位的遷移、或者拆除，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府報國務院決定。遷移、拆除所需費用和勞動力由建設單位列入投資計劃和勞動計劃。
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Any removal or dismantling involving a major site to be protected at the national level shall be referred to the State Council by the people's government of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government for decision. The expenses and workforce required for the removal or dismantling shall be included in the investment and labour plans of the construction unit.
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第十四條 核定為文物保護單位的革命遺址、紀念建筑物、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、石刻等（包括建筑物的附屬物），在進行修繕、保養(yǎng)、遷移的時候，必須遵守不改變文物原狀的原則。
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Article 14 The principle of keeping the cultural relics in their original state must be adhered to in the repairs and maintenance at the sites designated as the ones to be protected for their historical and cultural value and in any removal involving these sites, such as sites related to revolutionary history, memorial buildings, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings, etc. (including attachments to the structures).
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第十五條 核定為文物保護單位的屬于國家所有的紀念建筑物或者古建筑，除可以建立博物館、保管所或者辟為參觀游覽場所外，如果必須作其他用途，應當根據(jù)文物保護單位的級別，由當他文化行政管理部門報原公布的人民政府批準。
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Article 15 If it is necessary to use a memorial building or an ancient architectural structure owned by the state at a place designated as a site to be protected for its historical and cultural value for purposes other than the establishment of a museum, a cultural relics preservation institute or a tourist site, the local department for cultural administration shall submit a report for approval to the people's government which originally announced the designation of such a site.
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全國重點文物保護單位如果必須作其他用途，應經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府同意，并報國務院批準。這些單位以及專設的博物館等機構，都必須嚴格遵守不改變文物原狀的原則，負責保護建筑物及附屬文物的安全，不得損毀、改建、添建或者拆除。使用紀念建筑物、古建筑的單位，應當負責建筑物的保養(yǎng)和維修。
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If it is necessary to use for other purposes a major site to be protected for its historical and cultural value at the national level, the matter shall be agreed to by the people's government of a province, an autonomous region, or a municipality directly under the Central Government and shall be reported to the State Council for approval. The units in charge of these sites as well as specially established organs, such as museums, must strictly abide by the principle of keeping the cultural relics in their original state, and must be responsible for the safety of the buildings and of the affiliated cultural relics, and may not damage, rebuild, extend or dismantle them. Units which use memorial buildings or ancient architectural structures shall be responsible for the maintenance and repair of these buildings or structures.
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第三章 考古發(fā)掘
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CHAPTER III ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS
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第十六條 一切考古發(fā)掘工作，都必須履行報批手續(xù)。地下埋藏的文物，任何單位或者個人都不得私自發(fā)掘。出土的文物除根據(jù)需要交給科學研究部門研究的以外，由當?shù)匚幕姓芾聿块T指定的單位保管，任何單位或者個人不得侵占。
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Article 16 The procedure of submitting reports for approval must be performed for all archaeological excavations. No unit or individual may conduct excavations without permission. The cultural relics unearthed, except for those to be handed over, as may be necessary, to scientific research institutions for the purpose of research, shall be taken care of by units designated by local departments for cultural administration, and no unit or individual may take them into its or his own possession.
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為了保證文物安全、進行科學研究和充分發(fā)揮文物的作用，省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門，必要時可以報經(jīng)省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府批準，調(diào)用本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的出土文物；國家文化行政管理部門經(jīng)國務院批準，可以調(diào)用全國的重要出土文物。
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With a view to ensuring the safety of the cultural relics, conducting scientific research and making full use of cultural relics, the departments for cultural administration of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, when necessary, transfer and use the cultural relics within their respective administrative areas after reporting to and securing the approval of the people's governments of these administrative divisions; the state department for cultural administration may, upon approval by the State Council, transfer and use major cultural relics unearthed anywhere in the country.
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第十七條 各省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文物機構、考古研究機構和高等學校等，為了科學研究進行考古發(fā)掘，必須提出發(fā)掘計劃，報國家文化行政管理部門會同中國社會科學院審查，經(jīng)國家文化行政管理部門批準后，始得進行發(fā)掘。
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Article 17 To conduct archaeological excavations for the purpose of scientific research, institutions in charge of cultural relics, institutions for archaeological research and institutions of higher learning in the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall submit their excavation programmes to the state department for cultural administration for joint examination with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and may not proceed with the excavations until they obtain the approval of the state department for cultural administration.
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需要對全國重點文物保護單位進行的考古發(fā)掘，由國家文化行政管理部門會同中國社會科學院審核后，報國務院批準。
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Archaeological excavation programmes which have to be carried out at the major sites to be protected for their historical and cultural value at the national level shall be submitted to the state department for cultural administration for joint examination with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences before they are forwarded to the State Council for approval.
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第十八條 在進行大型基本建設項目的時候，建設單位要事先會同省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門在工程范圍內(nèi)有可能埋藏文物的地方進行文物的調(diào)查或者勘探工作。
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Article 18 Before carrying out a large-scale capital construction project, the construction unit shall first conduct investigation or prospecting related to cultural relics, together with the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government, at places where such relics may be buried underground within the area designated for the project.
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調(diào)查、勘探中發(fā)現(xiàn)文物，應當共同商定處理辦法。遇有重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門及時報國家文化行政管理部門處理。
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If cultural relics are discovered in the course of investigation and prospecting, measures for handling them should be jointly decided upon by the two parties through consultation. In case of important discoveries, the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government shall submit timely reports for handling by the state department for cultural administration.
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在進行基本建設工程或者農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，任何單位或者個人發(fā)現(xiàn)文物，應立即報告當?shù)匚幕姓芾聿块T。遇有重要發(fā)現(xiàn)，當?shù)匚幕姓芾聿块T必須及時報請上級文化行政管理部門處理。
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While carrying out capital construction or agricultural production, any unit or individual that discovers cultural relics shall immediately report the discoveries to the local department for cultural administration. In case of important discoveries, the local department for cultural administration must submit timely reports for handling by the departments for cultural administration at higher levels.
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第十九條 需要配合建設工程進行的考古發(fā)掘工作，應由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門在勘探工作的基礎上提出發(fā)掘計劃，報國家文化行政管理部門會同中國社會科學院審查，由國家文化行政管理部門批準。
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Article 19 With regard to archaeological excavations which have to be carried out along with a construction project, the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government shall submit an excavation programme based on prospecting to the state department for cultural administration for joint examination with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and for approval by the department.
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確因建設工期緊迫或有自然破壞的危險，對古文化遺址、古墓葬急需進行搶救的，可由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市文化行政管理部門組織力量進行發(fā)掘工作，并同時補辦批準手續(xù)。
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In cases where the pressing time limit for the completion of the project or the danger of natural damage makes it truly urgent to rescue the sites of ancient culture and ancient tombs, the department for cultural administration of a province, an autonomous region or a municipality directly under the Central Government may organize people to proceed with the excavations while going through the procedures to obtain approval.
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第二十條 凡因進行基本建設和生產(chǎn)建設需要文物勘探、考古發(fā)掘的，所需費用和勞動力由建設單位列入投資計劃和勞動計劃，或者報上級計劃部門解決。
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Article 20 The expenses and workforce needed for the prospecting for cultural relics and archaeological excavations which have to be carried out because of capital construction or construction for productive purposes shall be included in the investment and labour plans of the construction units or reported to planning departments at higher levels for proper arrangement.