動(dòng)詞的分類?
根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞四類，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞。如：?
We have lunch at 12. 我們12點(diǎn)吃午飯。(have是行為動(dòng)詞)?
We have been to New York. 我們?nèi)ミ^紐約。(have是助動(dòng)詞)?
I am hungry. 我餓了。(am是連系動(dòng)詞)?
She was beaten on the way home. (was是助動(dòng)詞)?
You needn’t have waited for me. 你本來不必等我。(need是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)?
The door needs painting. 這個(gè)門需要油漆了。(needs及物動(dòng)詞)
行為動(dòng)詞的分類
及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞
根據(jù)后面是否帶賓語(yǔ)，行為動(dòng)詞又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞(vt. ) 后面要跟賓語(yǔ)，不及物動(dòng)詞(vi. ) 不跟賓語(yǔ)。
如：They study hard. (study后沒有賓語(yǔ)，是不及物動(dòng)詞) I know them well. (know后有賓語(yǔ)them，是及物動(dòng)詞)
注：有的動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞. 如：
She sings very well. （sing是不及物動(dòng)詞）
She sang an English song just now. (sing是及物動(dòng)詞)
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
根據(jù)動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)，行為動(dòng)詞又分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如: rain, live, work, learn是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，go, come, leave, start, 是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
注：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中通常不與表示時(shí)間段連用的for短語(yǔ)連用。
如：[譯]他離開這里三天了。 [誤]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days. [正]He left here three days ago.
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