The world is in constant change due to advances in technology, science, and innovation. What was considered “hot” a year ago may no longer be relevant today. Just look at all the new social media platforms that have sprouted since Facebook was created.
由于科技創(chuàng)新的進(jìn)步,世界持續(xù)發(fā)生著改變。一年前被定義為“很火”的東西可能今天再也不是了。就看看自從Facebook(臉書)創(chuàng)立以來興起了多少新的社交平臺(tái)吧。

Despite all the good that change can bring, you have to keep up or you may get left behind. One of the best ways to stay competitive is to develop habits that can help you quickly learn new skills.
盡管改變能帶來諸多好處,但你必須跟上時(shí)代,否則就會(huì)落后。保持競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的最佳方法之一是培養(yǎng)出能幫你快速學(xué)習(xí)新技能的習(xí)慣。

Here are 10 habits to incorporate into your learning to help you learn new material twice as fast.
下文列出了10種學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,幫助你在學(xué)習(xí)新東西時(shí)事半功倍。

1. Speed reading.
1. 速讀

We know that many successful entrepreneurs read as a daily habit. For example, Warren Buffett developed the habit of reading several hours every day.
我們知道很多成功的企業(yè)家都把閱讀當(dāng)做是日常習(xí)慣。比如說,沃倫·巴菲特就培養(yǎng)了每天閱讀幾小時(shí)的習(xí)慣。

The average reader reads at approximately 200 to 400 words per minute. The expert speed reader can do read 1,000 to 1,700 words per minute. It’s no surprise that there’s tremendous value in being able to read quickly and efficiently.
一般閱讀者每分鐘能讀大約200到400個(gè)字。專業(yè)的速讀者每分鐘可以讀1000到1700個(gè)字。毫無疑問,快速高效的閱讀能帶來巨大的價(jià)值。

Speed reading encompasses skills such as chunking (reading groups of words instead of one word by one word), minimizing subvocalization (reducing the habit of saying the words in your head as your read), skimming (reading through a paragraph quickly to look for important and related information), and meta-guiding (using a tool such as a pen to guide your eyes in your reading).
速讀包括了組塊(閱讀意群而不是一個(gè)一個(gè)的詞)、盡可能減少默讀(減少閱讀時(shí)在腦海中讀出聲的習(xí)慣)、略讀(快速瀏覽段落,尋找重要且相關(guān)的信息)以及精神指引(在閱讀時(shí)用鋼筆這樣的工具去指引眼睛)。

Speed reading requires practice but once you instill the skill as a habit, you will be able to get through much more information within a shorter time period.
速度需要練習(xí),但是一旦你把這種技能變成習(xí)慣,你將會(huì)在更短的時(shí)間里獲取到更多的信息。

2. Control your learning environment.
2. 控制學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境

Have you noticed that there are times in the day when you are in the flow and learning seems easy but then there are other times when nothing is sinking in and it feels like you are fighting an uphill battle? We all have biological rhythms for our sleep, body temperature and even peak mental state. Figure out when you are most alert and aware and use that time to do your learning.
你有沒有注意到,一天中有些時(shí)候你學(xué)習(xí)地很容易,但另一些時(shí)候又什么都沒理解,感覺自己在打一場(chǎng)硬仗?我們的睡眠、體溫以及最好的精神狀態(tài)都有生物規(guī)律。找到自己最清醒的時(shí)候,并利用這段時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)。

Being in a fearful, disorganized and stressed state will also block access to your inner stores of creativity and intelligence. To put yourself in an optimum learning mode, choose a safe, reasonably organized, and comfortable environment. Take deep breaths to help you relax and focus.
處于一種可怕、混亂、壓力的狀態(tài)中也會(huì)阻礙你展示自己的創(chuàng)造力和智慧。要把自己放在一個(gè)最佳的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中,選擇一個(gè)安全、組織有序、舒適的環(huán)境。深呼吸能幫助你放松和集中精力。

There is also research indicating that varying the room temperature can also influence your ability to learn. Try to maintain your room temperature between 72 degrees and 80 degrees Fahrenheit in order to optimize your learning ability.
也有研究表明,改變房間溫度也會(huì)影響你的學(xué)習(xí)能力。嘗試把你房間的溫度保持在72華氏度到80華氏度之間,以便優(yōu)化你的學(xué)習(xí)能力。

3. Take notes.
3. 做筆記

Taking notes helps our brains to analyze and synthesize the information that we are learning. The very act of writing makes our brains think that we are undergoing a mini-rehearsal of the information.
做筆記可以幫助我們的大腦分析和綜合所學(xué)信息。寫字的動(dòng)作使大腦認(rèn)為我們正在進(jìn)行一個(gè)信息的微型排練。

Research has shown that making notes using a keyboard does not help students remember the information as well as writing it down. Writing is much slower than typing and when writing, we are forced to make quick judgments about the information that we are hearing. When we type on a keyboard, often we are not thinking about the information but merely copying it word for word.
研究表明,用鍵盤做筆記不能幫助學(xué)生像寫下來那樣記憶信息。寫字比打字慢得多,當(dāng)我們寫字的時(shí)候,我們不得不對(duì)聽到的信息做出快速的判斷。當(dāng)在鍵盤上打字的時(shí)候,我們經(jīng)常不會(huì)考慮這些信息,而只是將它逐字地復(fù)制。

To increase your learning speed, try to develop the habit of making hand-written notes.
為了提高學(xué)習(xí)速度,試著養(yǎng)成親手寫筆記的習(xí)慣。

I am a big fan of using tools like Evernote to sync all my notes across all my devices. It can scan and read written notes, and keep track of audio notes. This gives me confidence in the fact that I’ll never misplace an important note no matter how I decide to create the note.
我是工具黨,經(jīng)常使用印象筆記之類的工具去同步所有設(shè)備上筆記。它可以瀏覽、查閱筆記,并記錄音頻。事實(shí)上這給了我信心,無論怎么創(chuàng)建,我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)錯(cuò)失重要的筆記。

4. Combine all learning modalities.
4. 結(jié)合所有學(xué)習(xí)形式

All of us have preferred learning modalities: visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic (VARK). If you are a visual person, you will find learning a lot easier if you see the new material presented visually, such as through pictures, diagrams or PowerPoint. If you learn best by listening, then you will love podcasts, interviews, and audiobooks. Those with a reading or writing modality learn best when they can read the information and write down notes. If you are kinesthetically-inclined, you learn better when you can use your hands and physically touch or try something out for yourself.
我們都有自己喜歡的學(xué)習(xí)形式:視覺、聽覺、讀寫和動(dòng)覺(也就是VARK)。如果你是一個(gè)視覺型的人,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)把新資料形象化的展示出來會(huì)更易于學(xué)習(xí),比如通過圖片、圖表或PPT。如果你擅長(zhǎng)聽覺學(xué)習(xí),那么你會(huì)喜歡播客、訪談和有聲讀物。那些有閱讀和寫作習(xí)慣的人,可以通過閱讀資料和記筆記獲取知識(shí)。如果你喜歡動(dòng)覺,那么通過手部和肢體碰觸或者嘗試其他動(dòng)態(tài)化的方式會(huì)有更好的效果。

By understanding what your preferred learning modality is, you can speed up your absorption of information by choosing a learning system that supports your modality.
通過了解自己最喜歡的學(xué)習(xí)方式,進(jìn)而選擇適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng),你可以加速吸收信息的過程。

For even faster learning, combine all modalities. For example, if you are reading about coding skills from an article, read it out loud to yourself and draw a mind map while you are doing this. Then immediately try the code on your website.
為了更快地學(xué)習(xí),要結(jié)合所有的形式。比如,如果你在閱讀關(guān)于編程技巧的文章,大聲讀出來并且畫出思維導(dǎo)圖,然后立即在你的網(wǎng)頁上嘗試編程。

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